Callan Stage 8 New Edition Lesson 126 ''GRAMMAR QUESTIONS'' -->78) When do we use "could" as the past of "can"? Give me an example.

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	GRAMMAR QUESTIONS: SENTENCE STRUCTURES: •When we talk about general abilities in the past.  •We use "could" as the past of "can" to speak about general abilities.  •We don't use "could" as the past of "can" if we talk about a particular occasion when somebody managed to do something.  •We use "was able", managed" or "succeeded" instead  •We express a future idea with "should" or "ought to" by using a word or phrase that expresses future time.  •One common way of making a request is to say "Can you ...?" or "Could you ...?" For  •"Could" is more polite than "can".  •Another common way of making a request is to say Do you mind ..?" or "Would you mind ..?"  •would say "Would you mind ...?" if I wanted to be especially polite.  •If somebody says that they needn't have done something, it means that they did it, but it was, in fact, not necessary
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 8
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New Callan Stage 8 Lesson 126 ''GRAMMAR QUESTIONS''

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES: I can learn fast. No, the object of a transitive verb isn't always stated. Some English nouns that are never used in the plural are "advice", "furniture", "information", "knowledge", "progress" and "news". We can sometimes communicate a plural idea with nouns like this by using expressions such as "pieces of" or "items of". We can sometimes form a feminine noun from a masculine noun by adding the letters "ess". When we use nouns in the general sense, we put them in the plural and we do not put an article in front of them.For example, "People go to cinemas to watch films". When we use nouns in the general sense, we put them in the plural and we do not put an article in front of them. If a noun doesn't have a plural form, we simply use it on its own, also without an article. The articles in English are "the", "a" and "an". We call the word "the" the definite article We call the words "a" and "an" the indefinite articles. The difference between "a" and "an" is that we use 'a" before a word that starts with a consonant sound, whereas we use "an" before a word that starts with a vowel sound We use the indefinite articles "a" and "an" with singular countable nouns. We use the word "one' instead of the indefinite article when we want to emphasize the number. I need one pen. Two common uses of the structure "to be" + infinitive with "to" are to communicate an arrangement or an obligation.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan pdf
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	page not indicated

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 126 in ''GRAMMAR QUESTIONS'', item # 1-9

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: -a few -few -a little -little  SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -It was raining. -When I left home going to the office it was already raining. -Rain already stopped now. -I will take a bah, read a book then go to bed after the lesson. -I ate curry rice during my dinner in company's cafeteria. -I'm happy that my cats are healthy. -Sometimes they are fighting, but I think it's normal.  GRAMMAR QUESTIONS: 1. When the past tense of a regular verb ends in ''ded'' or ''ted'', we pronounce the final sound ''id'' /Id/. For example,''decided'', ''lasted'' etc. 2. When the past tense of a regular verb doesn't end in ''ded'' or ''ted'', we pronounce the final sound ''t'' /t/ or ''d'' /d/. For example, crossed, helped etc. 3. The difference between ''a few'' and ''few'' is that ''a few'' simply means ''not many'', whereas ''few'' often expresses the idea of ''not enough'' or ''fewer than expected''. 4. The difference between ''a little'' and ''little'' is that ''a little'' simply means ''not much'', whereas ''little'' often expresses the idea of ''not enough'' or ''less than expected''. 5. We use the words ''used to'', for a habit or repeated action in the past, especially when the action is now finished. For example, I used to play basketball when I was a junior high school student. 6. The difference between ''We're going to go to the theatre'' and ''We're going to the theatre'' is that ''We're going to go to the theatre'' communicates that it is our intention to go, whereas ''We're going to go to the theatre'' communicates that the visit has already been arranged; we already have the tickets, for example. 7. We make the question form in English by putting the subject after the first auxiliary verb. 8. For the present simple and past simple, we use the auxiliary verb ''do'' in the question form. For example, Do you want some tea? 9. A clause is any group of words with a subject and a main verb. For example, The door opened.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
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Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 126 on page 696,Stage 8 GRAMMAR QUESTIONS"

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES:  We add the letters "es" to form the plural of a noun and the third person singular of a verb when a word ends in one of the letters "o", "s", "x', "z", "ch" or 'sb". For example, "Kiss-Kisses;tomato-tomatoes When a noun or verb ends in a consonant plus "y", the "y" is changed to "i" and then the letters "es" are added. For example, "one lady - two ladies"; fry-fries We generally form the plural of a noun ending in "f" or "fe" by changing the "f" or "fe" to "ves". For example, "leaf - leaves". Three common exceptions to this rule are "chefs", "cliffs', and "roofs". We use the present simple to speak about a future action when we are talking about timetables or schedules. For example. "The movie will start at 10 pm". We use the relative pronoun "what" when we don't mention the thing that the relative clause describes.For example,"I like what you bought yesterday." Some people prefer to use the relative pronoun "whom" instead of "who" with formal English, when the relative pronoun ¡s not the subject of the verb that follows.For example, I know the man whom she's talking to. No, when we have a preposition at the beginning of a relative clause, we cannot follow the preposition with "who"; we must use "whom". For example,"I know the man to whom she's talking. We use the word "whose" at the beginning of a relative clause instead of using a possessive adjective like "my", "your, "his" etc. For example,I have a cat whose tail is short. The difference between a transitive verb and an intransitive verb is that a transitive verb has an object, whereas an intransitive verb does not have an object. I have a book.I eat my breakfast.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	at the last part of the callan pdf

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 126 on page 695 please continue "Revision Exercise 56 '' and start with item # 11 ''What do you think is the best piece of advice a father can give to his son?".

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Revision Exercise 56 •I'd say the advantages of mass-production were that products can be made quickly and more cheaply.  •When a boy and a girl have a date, it's more common for the boy to meet her somewhere in town.  •The difference between a drum and a barrel is that a drum is usually made of metal and has straight sides, whereas a barrel is usually made of wood and has round sides  •No, I'm not the kind of person who likes to put his nose into things that don't concern him.  •Yes, if you're planning to travel around the world, it's essential to have an up-to-date passport.  •The idiom "a piece of cake" means "extremely easy to do".
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Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 126 on page 695 please start with ''BEAN''

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: •bean  Idiom 27 : •cut corners = do something quickly and not as well as you could  Revision Exercise 56 (Lessons 116 - 117): •Yes, beans are good for the health.  •Yes, I eat beans  •Yes, if I were caught red-handed stealing something, I'd declare myself innocent before the judge when I appeared in court for my trial. - No, if I were caught red-handed stealing something. I wouldn't declare myself innocent before the judge when I appeared in court for my trial.  •In writing, by upper case and lower case letters we mean capital letters and small letters.  •The difference between a transitive verb and an intransitive verb is that a transitive verb has an object, whereas an intransitive verb does not have an object.
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE8
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full of beans = full of life(energy)

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 126 on pages 694-695

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: -veterinarian -vet clinic -check -change -log -fireplace -common sense -bean  SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -I haven't eaten my dinner yet. -Me and my wife will go to out to eat dinner in a Japanese restaurant. -I like past and pizza in an Italian restaurant, but maybe we will go to a Japanese restaurant for tonight's dinner. -Last few days ago, I took my cat to a vet clinic because he was sick. -He vomits and he can't open his left eye. -I took him to vet again and now he is fine. -The veterinarian told me that maybe my cat wasn't able to cope with the heat of the summer. -His body is not used to a high temperature. -If I gave a shopkeeper £10 for something that cost £5 and he gave me only £4 change, I'd ask him to check the change and I'd ask for one more £1.  -Yes, when I pay for something in a shop, I always check to see that they have given me the right change. -On a cold winter's day, I'd prefer to sit in front of a modern gas fire. -Common sense ¡s practical good sense which is not gained from any special studies. -Common sense is more important in everyday life. -Because common sense is the basic level of practical knowledge that we all need to help us live in a reasonable and safe way and it is very important for daily conversation in order to communicate people well. -I'd reed a hammer if I wanted to hit a nail into a piece of wood.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
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Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 126 on page 692 start with "ROW".

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: •row  •oar  •wish  •¡deal  •¡deal  •theoretical  •actual  •actually  SENTENCE STRUCTURES: •The verb wish communicates the idea that we would like things to be different from the way they in fact are now, or were in the past.  •I'm the kind of person who think theoretical things are a waste of time and prefer to talk about the actual state of things.  •Yes, I wish I had met famous film star yesterday.  •Yes, I wish I was relaxing on a beach at the moment.  •No, I'm not relaxing on a beach at the moment
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 6
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The word wish communicates the idea that we would like things to be different from the way they in fact are now, or were in the past.

一つ前の時制を使う。

Maria wishes she spoke perfect English

(she doesn't speak perfect English).

Daniel wishes he had gone to the party last night

(he didn't go to the party)

I wish it wasn't raining

(it is raining).

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 126 on page 690-->EXTEND-AS FAR AS

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: •extend  •as far as  •trust  •dependent  •independent  •punctual  SENTENCE STRUCTURES: •The road outside this window extends as far as ten meters  •Yes, there's someone I can think of who I could trust with my life.  •Yes, when I was a young child, were you completely dependent on your parents for everything.  •The United States become independent from Britain,200 years ago.
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	690-692

Future time clauses

"When I will eat dinner, I will watch TV". <= wrong sentense. whenの方にはwillは使わない。

1."When I eat dinner, I will watch TV"　夕飯食べながら見るか、食べてから見る。

2."When I have eaten dinner, I will watch TV".　夕飯食べてから見る。

1."When she writes the retter, she wilt drink a coffee"　手紙書きながら見るか、書いてから飲む。

2."When she has written the letter, she will drink a coffee".　手紙を書いてから飲む。

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 125 on pages 688-689

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES:  People often pray with their eyes closed,and they usually ask for something in their prayers. The name of a job that I think combines work and pleasure is software programming. The idiom go in one ear and out the other means be heard but then immediately forgotten. VOCABULARY WORDS:  PRAY PRAYER COMBINE HEADS TAILS DICTATION 83:  One side of a coin we call "heads",and the other side we call "tails".Totally by accident he knocked the glass containing the liquid off the table onto the floor.His lips raraly part to show his teeth,even when he smiles broadly.The poor bird could hardly fly,as one of its wings was badly damaged.Before the battle began,it was expected that many of the sailors would fail to do their duty, and that, consequently, the battle would be lost.  corrected words:rarely-onto  IDIOM 26:  GO IN ONE EAR AND OUT THE OTHER: to be heard and then soon ignored or forgotten.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 688-689

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 125 on page 686 please start with this question ''In job interviews. are people sometimes judged more by the way they present themselves than by their abilities and experience?''.

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: •swear  •lazy  •idle  •play  •scene  •verse  •chorus  SENTENCE STRUCTURES: •Yes, hot weather makes me feel lazy.  •I don't like sweating.  •When we're describing people we use the word idle.  •If you say "The workers were idle because the machines had broken down" you mean they were not doing anything because the machines had broken down.  •Yes, Shakespeare's plays are written mainly in verse  •We always remember certain scenes in a film better than we remember others because they are very emotional or full of action.
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	686-688

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 125 on pages 685-686

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: -present /'preznt/ -(noun + adjective) -present /pri 'zent/ -(verb)  GRAMMAR AND EXPLANATION: Uses of the definite article: "the" There are three other special uses of the definite article "the" that we should remember: 1.) We can sometimes use the word "the" to speak about things in general, but only when we are speaking about types of animals or types of things. For example, instead of saying "Tigers are dangerous animals", we can say "The tiger is a dangerous animal". This doesn't refer to one specific tiger. but to tigers in general. Instead of saying "Computers are very useful things", we can say "The computer is a very useful thing". This means computers in general. 2) We sometimes put the definite article "the" in front of a name, but only when it is the name of a river, sea, ocean or mountain chain. For example "the Thames". the Mediterranean", "the Atlantic", "the Alps" etc. We do not use "the" with the names of people and places. For example, we say "Queen Elizabeth lives in London". 3) Finally. we occasionally put the word "the" in front of the name of a country, but only if the name is plural in form. For example. "the Netherlands", "the United States of America" etc. With country names that are singular in form, we do not use "the". For example. we say "France" (not 'the France").  SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -For my 3 days straight holidays, I went to my hometown with my wife. -We watched the fireworks festival for 2 days. -I didn't take any picture or video because it is difficult to take picture using iphone camera. -We went back home yesterday. -I brought my little white cat in my hometown and left the brown one at home. -I have an automatic feeder for my cat. -It's a kind of machine which I can set what time and how much cat food to produce. -It is very useful for us. -We put the definite article "the" in front of a name when it is the name of a river, sea, ocean or mountain chain. -Some examples of mountain chains are the Andes, the Himalayas. the Alps etc. -We put the word "the" in front of the name of a country only if the name is plural in form. -The Netherlands, the United States of America etc. -Yes, I think that the present state of the world is better than a hundred years ago. -Because there are many war and battles before. -No, not all the pupils were present for the last lesson. -Yes, when a person retires from work after many years of employment in the same company, they are usually presented with a gift.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	685-686

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 124 on page 683 please continue ''Revision Exercise 55'' and start with item # 17.) In normal spoken English, what do we say instead of "We need to contact the customer from whom she took the payment"?

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Revision Exercise 55 (Lessons 114- 115) no.17-20  GRAMMAR: ♦Uses of the definite article: "the"  VOCABULARY: ♦Alps  ♦Andes  ♦Himalayas  ♦Netherlands  SENTENCE STRUCTURES: ♦The most important use of the definite article the" is when we are referring to something specific that is known to both the speaker and the listener.  ♦ The Callan lesson is very long.  ♦We can sometimes use the word "the' to speak about things n general when we are speaking about types of animals or types of things  ♦The elephant ¡s the heaviest land animal on earth  ♦The mobile phone was invented about thirty years ago.
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	684-685

3 uses of the definite article "the";

1. type general

2. name for example river, mountain chain, ocean

   not people's name, not place

3. country name in case the name is plural in form

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 124 on page 683

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES:  People often mention the weather, food etc. when they're telling you about a holiday they've just been on. If a friend buys me a drink in a bar, I just buy them a drink the next time. If I stayed at a hotel on holiday, I'd choose "half board. No, I don't know when my local football team play their next game. Yes, I keep an account of all the money I spend. If two people differ greatly in their opinions on a particular subject, they sometimes have an argument. Yes, l've had private English lessons. No, when I was a child. I didn't always like what I was given for my birthday. Some people prefer to use the relative pronoun "whom" instead of "who" with formal English, when the relative pronoun is not the subject of the verb that follows.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	page 683

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 124 on page 683 in ''Revision Exercise 55'', item # 1-7

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	IDIOM 25: *kill two birds with one stone= do two things at the same time and, therefore, save time and energy. FOR EXAMPLE: 1. When we go to the station to buy the tickets, let's ask about the train times for our next trip. By doing that, we can kill two birds with one stone. 2. I killed two birds with one stone and picked the kids up on the way to the station. 3. If I can find the book I need for school at the library when I go there to return your books, I'll be killing two birds with one stone. SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -Me together with my wife, we will got to my hometown tomorrow to watch fireworks festival. -Maybe, we will leave home after lunch. -The idiom "kill two birds with one stone" means to do two things at the same time and, therefore, save time and energy. -I killed two birds with one stone and took a bath and washed my clothes. -The difference between a dish and a plate is that a plate ¡s flat, whereas a dish is deeper. We usually eat food from a plate, whereas we serve food from a dish. -I'm for the police carrying arms when they're walking around the streets on duty. -When members of the general public see a criminal seize a woman's handbag in the street, some run after the criminal or shout for help, but most people just stand and look too surprised to do anything. -The difference between "wage" and "salary" is that we generally use the word "wage" for a non professional job, or a job in which a person earns a fixed amount of money for each hour they work, whereas we generally use "salary" for a professional job, or a job in which a person earns a fixed amount of money each year. -The kind of people who don't earn a steady wage or salary are actors, artists, writers etc. -We generally form the plural of a noun ending in "f" or "fe" by changing the "f" or "fe" to "ves". -Deer prefer to live in woods.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	683

English Conversation,Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 124 on page 682 "conscious"

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: •conscious  •unconscious  •self-conscious  •patient  •injection  •gathering  •split  •axe  •equally  SENTENCE STRUCTURES: •When a person is in danger, do you think it's better for them to be conscious of the danger.  •We use an axe to split wood  •lf my trousers split, I would you repair them.  •When I eat in a restaurant with a group of friends I think we should split the bill.
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 8
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Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 124 on page 681 please start with ''PRAISE''.

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: •praise  •loan  •furthermore  •moreover  •toe  •personally  SENTENCE STRUCTURES: •Yes, it's important for to praise children when they do things well.  •No, ¡t ¡isn't easy to get a loan from a bank  •I have ten toes.  •No, don't know any famous people personally.  •Yes, sensitive people sometimes take criticism too personally.
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"The goods arrived two weeks late. Furthermore, they were damaged".

"My boss praised me for my work yesterday. Moreover, he said he was going to pay me more money".