Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 117 on pages 635-636

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES:  Yes, an encyclopedia contains pieces of information about all kinds of subjects. Yes, I think that the masses should be educated to the age of eighteen. I'd say the advantages of mass-production were that products can be made quickly and more cheaply. I'd say the disadvantages of the products are often identical, and the quality might sometimes be poor. You're picking your pen up from the floor. When a boy and a and a girl have a date, is it more common to meet her somewhere in town. No,I never pick up new English vocabulary from songs. I think the best way to prevent accidents on the roads is to drive safely. You're drumming yourfingers on the table. VOCABULARY WORDS:  MASS ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE MASS-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION PRODUCT IDENTICAL QUALITY PICK UP DATE VOCABULARY PREVENT DRUM
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 635-636

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 117 on pages 634-635

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: -knowledge  -progress -item  -encyclopedia  GRAMMAR AND EXPLANATION: Words not used in the plural: Some English nouns are never used ¡n the plural. For example. the "furniture", words "advice", "information, "knowledge". "progress" and 'news" do not have plural forms. We don't say "All those informations were useful; we say "All that information was useful'. However. we can sometimes communicate a plural idea with nouns like this by using expressions such as "pieces of" or "items of". For example. we can say "All those pieces of information were useful" or "I need to buy five new items of furniture".  SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -I had lunch with my wife yesterday in the shopping mall. -We ate hamburger, fried chicken and donuts. -We bought some groceries. -I will read books after the lesson. -Some English nouns that are never used in the plural are "advice", "furniture", "information", "knowledge", "progress" and "news". -"He hasn't made much progress" is correct. -We can sometimes communicate a plural idea with nouns like this by using expressions such as "pieces of" or "items of". -He has much knowledge. -Give me some pieces of information about the computer. -Yes, I agree that a little knowledge can sometimes be a dangerous thing. -Because with a little knowledge it can lead to misunderstandings and misjudgments. -I think the best piece of advice a father can give to his son is to have good friends. -Because when he is trouble, his friends are always there to help him.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	634-635

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 116 page 633

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES:  When we change an imperative from direct into indirect speech, we use "told", "commanded" or "ordered", and we use the infinitive without "to" instead of the imperative. With negative imperatives, we put "not" before the infinitive When we change a request from direct into indirect speech, we use "asked", and we can use the same constructions that we use for indirect questions or imperatives. Generally speaking, the difference between the words "house" and "home" is that we use "house" when we are thinking about a physical building, whereas we use "home" in a more abstract sense to mean the place where we live or come from. Yes, I think it's a good thing for boys and girls to leave home when they are teenagers. The difference between housework and homework is that housework is the work we have to do in the house, such as the washing, cleaning, washing up etc., whereas homework is the work a pupil has to do at home. The difference between housework and homework is that housework is the work we have to do in the house, such as the washing, cleaning, washing up etc., whereas homework is the work a pupil has to do at home. The idiom "I couldn't care less" means "it is of no interest or importance to me".
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	page 633

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 116 on page 633 please continue ''Revision Exercise 51'' and start with item # 6. ''Do you think parents should teach their children about the importance of being honest?''.

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Revision Exercise 51 (Lessons 106 - 107) •Yes, I think parents should teach their children about the importance of being honest.  •I have more of a taste for plain clothes.  •No, I don't think life is easier when people speak plainly to each other, that is, speak openly, directly, and honestly to each other.  •When I arrive at somebody's house to pay a visit, I ring the doorbell.
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	633

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 116 on page 633 we continue ''DICTATION 77'' and ''Revision Exercise 51'', item # 1-5

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -It was raining. -I went shopping and I bought two t-shirts for summer. -We watched movie in the shopping mall cinema. -It's an Indian movie and the title of the movie is ''The Three Idiots''. -The movie lasts for 3 hours. -It is a comedy type movie and I like it. -The movie tells us how important the friendship is. -She can usually answer his questions. -Yes, oil's used a lot in cooking in my country. -Yes, I prefer the heat of the summer rather than the cold of the winter. -When I lack sufficient money to buy something. I wait and save the money. -I think the reason that some people just don't get on well with their next-door neighbours is that we can choose our friends, but cannot choose our neighbours. DICTATION 77: lt was a very serious matter, which grew out of nothing, and was totally unexpected. The poor dog caught its tail in the door and hurt itself. The president had been elected twice previously. A trade union is an organization which protects the workers. Most butchers, bakers and workers in other trades belong to unions. lt was extremely difficult, but they finally managed to rescue the sailor from the island. MISSPELLED WORDS: -butcher [buchers] -difficult [difficut]
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	633

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 116 on page 632 please start with the word ''HARVEST''.

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: •harvest  •mother-in-law  •father-in-law  •rail  •railing 　手すり •run  to be on about = to mean SENTENCE STRUCTURES: •When a man is married, he calls his wife's mother, his mother-in-law and father-in-law  •We call a train a railway train because it runs on rails  •Railings are several pieces of metal or wood which we put around things for protection.  •We call a train a railway train because it runs on rails
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	632

What is he on about?

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 116 on pages 630-632

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: -transitive 他動詞 -intransitive　自動詞 -respect -scorn 　軽蔑 -worthy -term -worship　崇拝 -cattle -cowboy GRAMMAR: Transitive and intransitive verbs: 1. The difference between a transitive verb and an intransitive verb is that a transitive verb has an object, whereas an intransitive verb does not have an object. 2. The verb 'to raise" is transitive; that is, it has an object. For example, "I (subject) am raising (verb) the book (object)". 3. The verb "to rise", however, is intransitive, which means that it does not have an object. For example, "The book (subject) is rising (verb)". 4. Note that the object of a transitive verb is not always stated. or example, in the sentence "He ate quickly", the object of the verb is obviously the food that he ate. although this is not stated. SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -I think children are more expensive to raise than racehorses. -If I were a great person, the kind of monument I'd like the public to raise in my honour after I was dead would be a statue of myself. -The difference between a transitive verb and an intransitive verb is that a transitive verb has an object, whereas an intransitive verb does not have an object. -The difference between the verbs "to raise" and "to rise" is that "to raise" is transitive, whereas "to rise" is intransitive. -I have a book. -I'm eating my dinner. -I want to drink coffee. -I'm walking. -I want to sleep. -Birds can fly. -No, the object of a transitive verb isn't always stated. -He drank too much. -I think it's more important for managers to have the respect of employees than to be liked by employees. -Scorn is a feeling that somebody or something is not worthy of our respect. -Children are in the first term at the moment. -People go to worship in a church, mosque, synagogue, temple etc. -A cowboy keeps his cattle together by constantly riding around them on a horse or motorbike.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	630-632

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 116 on pages 628-629

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: -upper -middle -working -class -society -aristocracy -industrialist -case -lower -raise -to be excused -monument -honour -statue EXPLANATION: *We sometimes refer to people in society as being "upper class". "middle class' or "working class". If we say that someone is upper class. we mean that they are very rich or have a lot of power in society. The upper class are often members of the aristocracy. or are powerful industrialists. By "middle class, we mean people who are not particularly rich or poor. They are usually professional people such as lawyers, doctors, teachers etc. By "working class", we mean people who have the least power and money in society They often do physical work. The idea of "class" in society differs from country to country, but "upper", "middle" and ''working" are the basic divisions. *When describing written English. by "upper case" letters and "lower case" letters we mean "capital" letters and "small" letters. SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -There was a typhoon yesterday, but it's not a strong typhoon. -On Sunday, it's an election day here in my city and I need to go there. -We will elect new mayor. -I already chose who I will vote, but I didn't know him well. -We call the three classes into which many societies in the world are divided the upper class, middle class and working class. -When we say that someone is upper class we mean that they are very rich or have a lot o power in society. -In writing, by upper case and lower case letters we mean capital letters and small letters. -Yes, it's the upper part of your head. -It's sometimes possible for a shop to make more profit if it lowers the prices of its goods because a lot more people decide to buy its goods. -Another word we can use instead of "lift" is the word "raise". -When a pupils raises their hand in the air during a lesson it generally means they want to ask a question, or to be excused; that is, to be given permission to leave the room.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	628-629

Reviewed previous lesson,Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 116 on page 628 please start with the word ''DECLARE"

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: •declare  •red-handed  •innocent  SENTENCE STRUCTURES: •Yes, if I were caught red-handed stealing something,I would declare myself innocent before the judge when I appeared ¡n court for my trial  •No, I don't think it's wise to declare my future plans to other people.
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	628

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 115 on pages 626-627

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: -search -support -religious IDIOM 16:  *watch your step = be careful e.g. You'll have to watch your step or you'll find yourself in great difficulty. SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -I'm fine, but I'm a little bit tired today because I worked overtime. -I worked 9 hours and a half today. -I need to finish my work today and fortunately I finished it just today. -It was raining in the morning and it stopped at noon. -No, I've never been searched at an airport. -The walls support the ceiling. -No, I don't support any particular football team. -The idiom "watch your step" means "be careful". -When you ride on the train, you must watch your step. DICTATION 76: Forgetting that the doorway was low, I received a severe blow on my head as I went through it.Children are taught that they should respect their elders. He lived in a period when people were burned alive for their political and religious opinions. They had no children of their own, so they adopted one. A person who is not a born leader can, nevertheless, sometimes be taught leadership. That particular king is considered one of the cruellest figures in English history. MISSPELLED WORDS: -severe -blow -through -burned -cruellest
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	626-627

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 115 pages 625-626

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES: No, when we have a preposition at the beginning of a relative clause,we cannot follow the preposition with 'who"; we must use "whom". We need to contact the customer from whom she took the payment Yes, I know nationality of all the students with whom I'm studying at the moment In normal spoken English, instead of "We need to contact the customer from whom she took the payment we say "We need to contact the customer who she took the payment from. We use the word "whose" at the beginning of a relative clause instead of using a possessive adjective like "my", "your", "his" etc. No, I don't know the people whose house is next to me. The police use dogs when they are searching for a criminal because dogs have an excellent sense of smell. VOCABULARY WORDS: WHOSE SEARCH  GRAMMAR: *In very formal English, we sometimes have a preposition at the beginning of a relative clause and in this case we cannot follow the preposition with the word 'who'; we must use "whom" instead. For example, "She is the lady with whom I had a conversation", or "The manager to whom I sent the document has not replied". (Remember, however that in normal spoken English we put the preposition at the end, and say "She's the lady who I had a conversation with". or "The manager who I sent the document to hasn't replied".) *We use the word "whose" at the beginning of a relative clause instead of using a possessive adjective like my", "your'. "his" etc. For example, instead of saying "I have a dog. That tail is long". we can say "I have a dog whose tail is long". Instead of saying "Yesterday I visited Mr Jones. I work with his sister". we can say "Yesterday I visited Mr Jones. whose sister I work with".
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 625-626

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 115 on pages 624-625

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: -Relative clauses -what -whom GRAMMAR: Relative clauses (continued) *We have already learned a lot about relative clauses, but here are a few more things that we should know. 1. We use the relative pronoun "what" instead of "which" or "that" when we don't mention the thing that the relative clause describes. For example, instead of saying "She showed me the dress which she had bought", we can say "She showed me what she had bought". 2. With formal English, some people prefer to use the relative pronoun "whom" instead of 'who". However. this is only possible when the relative pronoun is not the subject of the verb that follows. FOR EXAMPLE: In the sentence "I recognized the criminal who stole the bag". the word "who" ¡s the subject of the verb "stole"; in this sentence, we cannot use "whom. However. in the sentence I recognized the criminal who the policeman arrested'. the word "who" is not the subject of the verb "arrested"; "the policeman" is the subject and who" is the object. In this case, some people prefer to use the word "whom" instead of "who" and say "I recognized the criminal whom the policeman arrested". In informal English. however, the word "whom" is never used. SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -We use the relative pronoun "what" when we don't mention the thing that the relative clause describes. -I like what you wear. -No, when I was a child, I didn't always like what I was given for my birthday. -Yes, I've already chosen what I'm going to eat this evening. -Some people prefer to use the relative pronoun "whom" instead of "who" with formal English, when the relative pronoun is not the subject of the verb that follows. -The woman whom he is talking to is my sister. -If I was employed by someone whom I disliked , I'd show professionalism, I'd stand and work with him.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	624-625

NEW Callan Stage 8 Lesson 115 pages 622-624

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES: I went to lunch with my wife yesterday. This lesson finishes at 6:30 a.m Yes, I know when my local football team play their next game. Yes, I have a bank account. Yes, I have an account at any shop. Yes, I keep an account of all the money I spend. No, greedy people never satisfied with what they have; they always want more. A farmer is never satisfied with the weather because, whateverthe weather is like, it's never perfect for every type of crop that he's growing. Yes, my eyes differ in clour than yours. If two people differ greatly in their opinions on a particular subject,they sometimes have an argument. Yes, I've had private English lessons. Yes, it's impolite to ask questions about someone's private life unless you know them very well. VOCABULARY WORDS: TIMETABLE SCHEDULE ACCOUNT GREEDY SATISFIED CROP 収穫物 DIFFER PRIVATE  GRAMMAR: Present simple for the future: *We use the present simple to speak about a future action when we are talking about timetables or schedules. For example. we can say the film starts at 10 pm", "My train leaves in fifteen minutes", or 'England play football against Germany next Saturday'.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 622-624

Today's Lesson: Callan Stage 8 Exercise 50 Lesson 115 page 621 -622

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURE: -AlI the members of a family gather together on occasions such as weddings, birthday parties etc.  -When l want to relax I take bath and sleep well.  -If I could be in the audience at any concert, I'd like to see beatles.  -The most common way to move liquid or gas from one place to another is through a pipe.  -The use of a chimney is to carry the smoke from a fire out of a building and into the air.  -We say "I ate eggs for breakfast today" and not "I have eaten eggs for breakfast today" because we are thinking about what happened at a specific past time - breakfast time. We are not thinking about now.  -Of those two sentences, "John got up quite late today" is correct. GRAMMAR: -The meaning of "You can't have your cake and eat it" is that sometimes you have to choose between having one thing or another thing, because you cannot have everything you want.  -The difference between the present perfect and the past simple is that we use the present perfect when we are thinking about time before and up to now, whereas we use the past simple when we are thinking about a specific past time.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 8 pdf
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	621 -622

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 114 page 621

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES: We use the words "so" and "not" when replying to something that someone has just said to avoid repeating the whole sentence. The five senses are sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell. I prefer dark colours. No, I don't usually feel brighter in the evening than first thing in the morning; I usually feel more tired. No, I don't spend a great deal of my time doing nothing. I think that the personal freedom of the individual is important. By a fierce animal we mean a dangerous and wild animal. We had better study hard if we want to get high marks in an examination. If I buy clothes and find out later that they don't fit me properly, I take them back and try to change them. No,I'm not fit to teach beginner level English. I'd be able to identify myself in the street if I were stopped by the police by showing them my identity card, passport etc. IDIOM 15 SEE EYE TO EYE=agree with someone
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	page 621

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 114 on page 619 please start with this question ''If a friend buys you a drink in a bar, do you normally insist on giving them the money or do you just buy them a drink the next time?''.

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: •insist  •board  •board  •noticeboard  •blackboard  •deck  •port  •director  SENTENCE STRUCTURES: •If a friend buys me a drink in a bar, I normally just buy them a drink the next time.  •We use a noticeboard for putting notices on.
レッスンで利用した教材	CALLAN NEW EDITION STAGE 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	620-621

full board　三食付き

half board 朝食と夕食付き

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 114 on pages 618-619

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: -deer -wood -mention -tell off　感情的に言う -partner -insist 主張する SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -The plural of "deer" is "deer". -Deer prefer to live in woods. -Because they are usually afraid of human beings and other animals. -People often mention the place, weather, the food etc. when they're telling me about a holiday they've just been on. -In his speech to his employees, he mentioned that there was a possibility of wages being increased. -A mother tell off her child when the child has done something wrong and made her angry. -If I went into business, I'd prefer to have a partner. -Because when I need help, I can always ask help from my partner.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan New Edition Stage 8
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	618-619

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 114 Pages 617-618

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES:  If another world war broke out, I'd hide in the rural area with my family. The difference between "wage" and "salary" is that we generally use the word "wage' for a non-professional job. or a job in which a person earns a fixed amount of money for each hour they work. The kind of people who don't earn a steady wage or salary are actors, artists, writers. Seasona' workers such as waiters such as waiters who work at seaside hotels in the summer, receive a wage. The kind of jobs we need a steady hand for are painter, surgeon, pianist etc. I I think it'll take me about three months to finish this book if I keep working steadily. We generally form the plural of a noun ending in "f"or "fe"by changing the "f" or "fe" to "ves form the plural of a noun. leaf -leaves. "loaf -loaves'. 'shelf -sheIves, "knife - knives', life - lives', "wife - wives. Three common exceptions to .. are "chefs", "cliffs" and "roofs". VOCABULARY WORDS:  BREAK OUT WAGE SALARY PAYMENT PROFESSION NON-PROFESSIONAL STEADY SEASONAL PAINTER PIANIST SURGEON LEAF LOAF SHELF CLIFF GRAMMAR:  *We use the words 'wage" and "salary for the payment received for work done. The difference between "wage" and "salary" is that we generally use the word "wage' for a non-professional job. or a job in which a person earns a fixed amount of money for each hour they work, whereas we generally use "salary" for a professional job, or a job in which a person earns a fixed amount of money each year.  *When a noun ends in f or fe or we generally make its plural by changing the "f or fe" to 'ves". For example. leaf -leaves. "loaf -loaves'. 'shelf -sheIves, "knife - knives', life - lives', "wife - wives' etc. However. three common exceptions to this rule are 'chefs, "cliffs. and "roofs'.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	Pages 617-618

Callan New Edition Stage 8 Lesson 114 pages 615-617

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURES:  The difference between a plate and a dish is that a plate is flat, whereas a dish is deeper. My favourite dish is Chinese food. No, I don't know how to make it. I'm for the police carrying arms when they're walking around the streets on duty. I'm against fox hunting. When members of the general public see some run after the criminal or shout for help, but most people just stand and look too surprised to do anything. VOCABULARY WORDS:  DISH SERVE ARMS FOX FOX HUNTING SEIZE 掴む HANDBAG  DICTATION:  If you invited me to your house,I'd be your guest, and you'd be my host People are not usually good at drawing straight lines without the help of a rular.One of the best things for a headache is to lie down and relax.  corrected word:ruler
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 615-617