Callan Stage 7

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Vocabulary :  SENTENCES -GROUP TO -MAKE SENSE -COMPOUND -FINITE verb 定詞、infinite verb 不定詞  CONJUNCTION 接続詞 and, but, whilst, which, that - MOOD -AS OPPOSED TO  Grammar:simple sentences 1 finite verb compound sentences 2 or more sentences Sentence Structures:  -A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense by itself  -The two kinds of sentences are the simple sentence and the compound sentence
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	596 -599

I always go home at eight". =simple sentence
"(I always go home at eight) and (have dinner at about a quarter past eight) but (I do not watch TV until about nine)." =compound sentences

Callan Stage 7 Lesson 97 on pages 595-596

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARIES: -claim (v and n) -take...to court -lawyer -property 所有物 -lost property office 忘れ物課 -damage  SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -I will go to the park tomorrow to see cherry blossoms with my wife. -There is a cherry blossom festival tomorrow. -There are many small stores in the park. -We will go to there before lunch. -I will buy some foods and drinks from those small stores. -We will enjoy eating and drinking under the cherry blossoms tree while watching it. -No, if you claimed to be a millionaire, I wouldn't believe you. -Because you would not be teaching there now. -Yes, if someone hit my car and it was his fault, I could claim damages against him. -If he refused my claim, I'd have to take him to court. -If a relation of mine died and left me some land, or other property, I'd have to go lawyer's office to claim it legally. -I must go to the Lost Property Office in order to claim things that I've left on the train. -Yes, I think that the youth of today is better than the youth of the old days. -The kind of jobs a youth can do better than an old man are driving a car or flying a plane.  GRAMMAR: *It will be noticed in this last question that the word "kind" has no "s" on the end. Some people put an "s" on; others do not Many people will add an "s" in certain sentences when followed by a plural noun and not in others. For example, they might say "What kinds of jobs can a youth do better than an old man?" but "What kind of books do you like reading?" As with so much in English, a lot depends on whether something sounds pleasant to the ear and is easy to pronounce. Most people prefer to drop the "s" where possible (saying "six million", for example, instead of "six millions"), as too many "s" sounds together are not very pleasant to the ear.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	595-596

Callan Stage 7 pages 592-595

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY WORDS:  NOT ANY BOOKS = no books -RECOGNISABLE -FINALLY = lastly , at last -EVENTUALLY = in the end -CLAIM -LAWYER -PROPERTY -DAMAGE  PARADIGM:  DRAW-DREW-DRAWN  Grammar:  Eventually means "in the end" ,whilst "finally" means "lastly" or "at last".  Instead of saying "not any book" ,we can say "no books."
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 592-595

Callan Stage 7 Lesson 96 on page 592 and ''EXERCISE 40'', item # 1-11

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARIES: -bow -invent -speech -apple SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -No, a bow isn't any use without arrows. -I would like to have invented a personal plane. -No, I've never made a speech in public. -Yes, we say in our own language that 'An apple a day keeps the doctor a away''. -A composite word is composed of two words connected with a hyphen. -For example: A dressing-room is a room where we dress. -For example: An ash-tray is a tray in which we put ash. -A Past Conditional Subjunctive expresses a supposition in the past, something that did not in fact happen. -Its construction is If + Past Perfect (Past Subjunctive) + Past Conditional. -For example: If I had been to USA, I would have seen the statue of liberty. -No, we do not have a separate tense for the Past Subjunctive in English. -We use the Past Perfect. -No, if I had lived a hundred years ago, I would not have watched TV in the evening. -The plural of "life" is "lives". -We can form adverbs from adjectives by adding the letters "ly" to the adjectives. -The plural of "sheep" is "sheep". -We form the Possessive Case of singular nouns like "girl" and "man" by adding an apostrophe and the letter "s". -We form the Possessive Case of plural nouns that do not end in "s" such as "men, women, children" etc. in exactly the same way as we form the Possessive Case of singular nouns. -We form the Possessive Case of a plural noun which already ends in "s" by adding just the apostrophe, but not the "s".
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	592

Callan Stage 7

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Vocabulary :  RIGHT = ENTIRELY COMPLETELY FINISH UP POINT (PLACE) -CHOOSE - CHOSE - CHOSEN -FORCE -PERSUASION -REPRESENT -REPRESENTATIVE  Sentence Structures:  -No, we couldn't, in fact, go the end of the earth.  -Yes, I've sometimes chosen clothes that later I found I didn't like it and so had to throw it away.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	590-592

It matters what kind of job we select.

I'D GO RIGHT TO THE ENDS OF THE EARTH FOR IT.


DO YOU BELIEVE THAT MORE IS GAINED BY FORCE THAN BY PERSUASION ?

Callan Stage 7 Lesson 96 on pages 588-590 we review previous lesson and then we proceed to the next lesson

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARIES: -matter [v] = to be important -occasionally -What is the matter? -no matter -please [v] -taste [n]  SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -No, we can't say ''These pens break not easily''. -We must say "These pens do not break easily" instead. -The third way in which the special verbs differ is that they are the only verbs that can be used in "Tail Questions". -You have a pen, haven't you? -He won't come, will he? -No, we can't say ''They sang not well, sang they''. -We must say "They did not sing well, did they?" instead. -Yes, if we want to live a healthy life, it matters very much what kind of food we eat. -The kind of food we ought to eat are fruits, vegetables, fish etc. -No, it doesn't matter very much if we occasionally make a small mistake in our dictations. -If you suddenly went like this, I'd ask you "What's the matter?". -Yes, I find that, no matter what I do, I can't please everyone. -Because people have different ideas, opinions etc.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	588-590

Callan Stage 7 pages 586-588

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Dictation 52: -Although he is a member of parliament, he is not a member of any political club, even though he should be if he want any progress. - "At once" means immediately, whilst "soon" means in a short time. -Life in the old days was often just one long struggle for existence. VOCABULARY WORDS: 12 special verbs -DARE - DIFFER -BE - CAN -DO -HAVE -MAY - MUST -NEED -OUGHT - SHALL - USED TO -WILL Grammar: 1) They form their interrogatives by putting the verb before the subject.  For example, "Am I your teacher ? Will you come here tomorrow ?" 2) They form their negatives just by adding "not". For example, "I cannot understand it. It might not rain" etc. Other verbs cannot do that. 3) They are the only verbs that can be used in "Tail Questions". For example, "You have a pen, haven't you ?".  12個全部が使えるわけではない。be, can, do, have, may, must, ought, shall, will
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 586-588

Callan Stage 7 Lesson 95 on pages 585-586 we review previous lesson and then we proceed to the next lesson

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARIES: -arch -rock -Gibraltar -club -cleaner -progress  SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -It's cloudy and cold today. -Weather's temperature changes everyday. -We went to a tofu restaurant for our lunch yesterday. -We walked around in the town and then we went shopping. -I didn't buy anything but my wife bought something. -She bought some dishes such as plates, cups and glasses. -Yes, I can think of some famous arches in the world, like Constantine's Arch in Rome and triumphal arch in France. -The name of the piece of land, which is really just a rock, that we pass as we sail from the Atlantic ocean into the Mediterranean sea is the Rock of Gibraltar.  MISSPELLED WORD: -journey [journy]
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	585-586

The man was a complete stranger to me.
It is not worth traveling on a long journey just for the weekend, but some people do it nowadays.
Do you wish to suffer from illness?
No, of course not.
Good.
Therefore, you will have to make sure you keep in good health.
Don't forget to remind me to take my suit to the cleaner's before the shops shut.

Callan Stage 7 pages 583 -585

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY WORDS:  -SIGN -DRAW FROM,OR DRAW OUT お金を引き出す -CHEQUE  小切手 -RELIGION 宗教 -SIZE -TAKE - VIOLENT - TEMPLE -REMAINS -NAVY
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 583 -585

I draw the money from the bank.

I take size medium socks.

Callan Stage 7

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Vocabulary :  RACE-NORTHERN- SOUTHERN -EASTERN- WESTERN- STATE Sentence Structures:  -We account for the fact that it's light during the day and it's dark during the night. by the fact that the earth moves round the sun and turns round and round as it does so. For about half the 24 hours, one side of the earth is facing the sun, whilst, for the next half, it is away from the sun.  -Because a horse can run faster than me
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	582-583

Callan Stage 7 Lesson 95 on pages 580-582

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARIES: -on、onとuponは同じ意味、onのほうがmore common -upon -whole -on the whole = all in one -Possessive case for shops、'sをつけてshopは省略する。sで終わる店名なら'だけつける。 -account for -spend GRAMMAR: *As it is sometimes easy to confuse the difference in pronunciation between the words "all" and "whole" in a dictation, it is well to remember that the word "all" is followed by the Definite Article, whilst the word "whole" is preceded by it. For example, we say "all the chicken" but "the whole chicken". *In the sentence "I bought my suit from Simpson's", we understand that "Simpson" is the name of a shop. It is not necessary to use the word "shop" in such sentences: it is enough just to put an apostrophe and an "s" after the name of the shop. SENTENCE STRUCTURED: -I went to the park this morning to clean. -Me and my co-workers are volunteers to clean the park. -We stayed there for an hour only. -There's no difference between the words "on" and "upon" except that the word "on" is much more common. -No, I couldn't eat a whole chicken. -No, I couldn't eat a whole cake. -No, I wouldn't say that, on the whole, life was better today than it was in the past. -We can avoid making mistake in a dictation by remembering that "all" is followed by the Definite Article, whilst the word "whole" is preceded by it. -all the cake. -the whole cake. -I bought my shoes from ABC's. -I got my watch from Loft's. -The verb "to account for" means "to explain the reason for". -We account for the fact that it's light during the day whilst it's dark during the night by the fact that the earth moves round the sun and turns round and round as it does so. For about half the 24 hours, one side of the earth is facing the sun, whilst, for the next half, it is away from the sun.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	580-582

Callan Stage 7

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Vocabulary ADVENTURE -SEED, seed-time 種まき期 -BEAR - BORE - BORNE  身に付ける、我慢する、産む Sentence Structures:  -Yes, I'd like to live a life of adventure.  -The kind of things I can't bear are such things noisy people and rude manner
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	578- 580

Callan Stage 7 Lesson 94 page 575 - 578

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: bill, come to, per, quarter, pass, act,  become an act 有効になる used to, play truant, B.C, A.D, Christ, Lord, trial, 試み、裁判 introduce, from abroad SENTENCE STRUCTURE: Yes, if a girl goes to a restaurant with her boyfriend I think she ought to pay half the bill.  After a bill has been passed by the government, it becomes an act.  No, I didn't used to speak English better in the past than I speak it now, but I used to speak it worse.  No, I never used to play truant when I were a small child at school.  No, it isn't wise to judge something before we give it a trial. GRAMMAR: We use the words "used to" for a repeated action in the past. They generally mean that the action is now finished.  The letters "B. C" means Before Christ.  T he letters "A. D." mean Anno Domini (from the Latin) meaning "in the year of our Lord"; although we usually think of this as meaning After Christ.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7 book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	575 - 578

We use the words "used to" for a repeated action in the past, and it generally means that the action is now finished. For example, "I used to go to the cinema every Saturday afternoon (but I don't now)". It means that I was in the habit of going to the cinema every Saturday afternoon.

It will be noticed that, in conversation, the "d" in "used to" is often silent. Probably because it is difficult to pronounce a "d" and a "t" sound together.

used to = ユーストゥ

Callan Book Stage 7 pages 573-576

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Grammar:  The difference between "little" and "a little" is the same as that between "few" and "a few". The word "little" means "not much", whilst the words "a little" mean "some, but not much".  To press somebody for the money we have lent them" means to keep asking for it back.  VOCABULARY WORDS:  -LITTLE -A LITTLE -CONTROL -PRESS - STEP -STEP OFF 降りる
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 573-576

Callan Book Stage 7

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Vocabulary: Empire Roman Literary Govern Few A few Feel sorry for someone Sentences: 1. DID THE GREEK EMPIRE COME BEFORE OR AFTER THE ROMAN EMPIRE ? ---The Greek empire came before or after the Roman Empire. 2. WHO DO YOU THTNK'S THE GREATEST LITERARY FIGURE OF TODAY IN YOUR COUNTRY ? --- I think's the greatest literary figure of today in my country is Haruki Murakami. DICTATION 51 As he has won several thousand pounds, he now has no need to borrow someone else's car: he can now own one himself. The wire cut into his skin and hurt him badly. The cook let the meat boil for too long, and now it is completely uneatable. You'll need a lot more bricks to finish that wall. Twelve inches make a foot; three feet make a yard. The cost of living seems to be constantly rising. Is there anywhere I can buy a daily paper? Before they could ride the horse, they had to catch it. Smoking is a bad habit. He loosened his jacket and sat down. Misspelled word/s: 1. loosened
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Book Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	Page 572-573

few = not many. we feel sorry for you.

a few = some but not many, enough

I have few books. <= I don't have many books.

I have a few books. <= I have some books but not many, but enough books.

Callan Stage 7

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Vocabulary  SINK - SANK - SUNK -FLOAT - WINDY -CONQUER 征服する -DROWN -TIDE  Sentence Structures:  -No, I don't think that one day in the future one country will conquer all the others.  -No, I don't know where my town gets it water supply from.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	570-571

Callan stage 7

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Vocabulary: 1.)LEAD  2.)LED  3.)REGULAR VERBS  4.)PAST TENSE  5.)PLEASE (v)  6.)DECIDED  7.)HELPED  8.)PRACTISED  9.)WASHED  10.)BOXED  11.)PRONOUNCED  12.)PARADIGM  Grammar: 1.)THE PRONUNCIATION OF "ED" IN THE PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS •  2.)When the Past Tense of a regular verb ends in the letters "ded" or "ted" the final sound is pronounced - "id".  3.)Generally, when the Past Tense of a regular verb ends in the letters c-ch-k-p-ss- sh - or x before the letters - “ed” the final sound is pronounced -t. In the other words, the “ed” is only pronounced “id” after a “t” or a “d”. After all other letters, it is pronounced “t”.  4.)The word "practised" has only one "s", but the final "d" is still pronounced "t". If, however, the "s" were pronounced "z", as in the verb "please", then the final sound would be pronounced "d" and not "t".
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan stage 7 pdf
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 568-570

We generally use the word "eventually" when we know that something is going to happen in the future, but we don't know exactly when.
For example, "We shall all eventually die - one day in the future - but we don't know when".

Callan Stage 7 Lesson 93 pages 567-569

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Grammar:  *The word "practised" has only one "s", but the final "d" is still pronounced "t". If, however, the "s" were pronounced "z", as in the verb "please", then the final sound would be pronounced "d" and not "t".  *The kind of verbs in which the final sound is pronounced "t" are those which end in the letters c - ch - k - p - ss - sh - or, x, or, in other words, those which do not end in "t" or" d"  VOCABULARY WORDS:  *COMMENCED:DANCED:PLACED: LUNCHED: REACHED: TOUCHED: ASKED: COOKED: KICKED: LIKED: LOOKED: SMOKED: THANKED: WALKED: WORKED: HELPED: STOPPED: TYPED: CROSSED: DRESSED: PRACTISED: BRUSHED: FINISHED: WASHED : BOXED:MIXED:LEAD:LED
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 567-569

Callan Stage 6 Vocabulary Test and Dictation page 566

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARY: member, save, rescue, trade, degree, mark, realize, consequence, rat, ambition SENTENCE STRUCTURE: I need to save money to buy a new car.  I marked my misspell.  Yes, I think that when a man murder's someone he really realizes what he is doing at the time and realizes the consequences of his actions.  No, I haven't got an ambition.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 7 book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	566-567

I'm a member of the basket ball club.
I need to save money to buy a new car.
His job is to rescue people.
Baker is a trade to get up early.
It's difficult to gain degree at university.
I marked my misspell.
The black bird flew round and round and came to rest on the back of the sheep.
The lives of great man have often been full of great difficulties.
Despite the pain in his arm, he kept on working, even though he was told to stop.
I do not wish to remind you of the fact that, if you are late again, I will have to inform your parents.
I read all about it in the daily paper.
There was a piece of wire tied round the brick, which cut his skin.
I am sorry, I have already thrown it away.


The pronunciation of ED in the past tense of regular verbs


Generally, when the Past Tense of a regular verb ends in the letters c-ch-k-p-ss- sh - or x before the letters - “ed” the final sound is pronounced -t. In the other words, the “ed” is only pronounced “id” after a “t” or a “d”. After all other letters, it is pronounced “t”. For example:


decided
depended
divided
ended
included
needed
consisted
corrected
counted
lasted
pointed
protected
tasted
repeated
waited
wanted

Callan Stage 6 vocabulary test

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Sentence Structure:  Ridden: I have ridden the train for two hours.  Flown: The plane has flown for a long time.  Draw: I like to draw a picture.  Ruler: I need a ruler to draw a straight line.  Earth: Our planet is the earth.  Grew: If I grew some plants in my garden, I could eat them.  Matter: That house is made of wood matter.  Expect: I expect that he will pass the exam.  Purpose: My purpose of studying English is to travel abroad.  Allow: I don't allow my cat to enter my room.  Power: The president of the country has a strong power.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	at the last part of the book

Callan Stage 6, vocabulary test no.6-23

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Vocabulary:  1. Fell  2.Undercook  3.Sick  4.pity  5.Wherever  6.miss  7.burn  8.cruel  9.rope  10.judge  11.widen  12.ache  13.rough  14.charge  15.Clear sentence structure:  1. If I fell from the top of a building, I would die.  2. I can't eat the beaf that is undercook.  3.When you're sick, It's better to go to bed early.  4. We call the top of a house roof.  5.When I watched the movie, I felt pity.  6.I can go wherever I'd like to go.  7. Don't miss it.  8. Burning a piece of paper makes fire.  9.I think he is a cruel man.  10.The man who makes a crime must go to a court.  11.We need a long rope to pull the rock.  12 I hope I can get a fare judge in a court.  13.The road should be widen.  14. I don't like an ache.  15.If the sea is rough, I might be sea sick.  16.I can charge the battery here.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 6,
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	vocabulary test no.6-23

Callan Stage 6

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Stage Exam-Yes/No Quiz ,Vocabulary Test 1.Join 2. Here they are 3. Statement 4. Fight 5. How tall Sentence Structures:  - Dogs and cats always fight.  -I can't make a false statement against the law.  -Look at this picture. Here they are.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 6
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	None

Callan Stage 6 ,STAGE 6 EXAM (yes/no quiz)

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	CALLAN STAGE 6 EXAM(YES-NO QUIZ):  2. Is the following sentence a sentence of direct speech? "Mr. Brown said that the room was large" (NO) 3. Is this sentence grammatically correct? "You can tell whoever you please" (NO) 4. Can we shorten a coat by cutting a piece off the bottom? (YES) 5. Should we look both ways before crossing the road? (YES) 6. Do we usually feel tired when we overwork? (YES) 7. Do we use the word "let" to form the imperative for all persons? (NO) 8. Is a host a person we invite to our house? (NO) 9. Have you been doing this exam for the last two minutes or more? (YES) 10. Will you have been studying English for at least two weeks by the end of this month? (YES) 11. Can we write by means of a pen? (YES) 12. If the main part of the sentence is positive, is the tail question negative? (YES) 13. Is this sentence correct? -"he speaks English, Speaks he? (NO) 14. Have we the legal right to say whatever we like about people in public? (NO) 15. Do most people have their haircut at the hairdresser's? (YES) 16. Do most people go to the cinema every now and again? (YES) 17. Is this sentence right? - "tell to them the same story that you told me" (NO) 18. Is this sentence right?- "tell him to come here" (yes) 19. Do we use the verb "say" for Direct Speech? (YES) 20. Is it right to say that people gain money each week for the work they do? (NO) 21. If you walked from here to the next town in heavy rain without an umbrella or a raincoat, would you be wet by the time you get to the town? (YES) 22. Can you speak English as well as the Teacher? (NO) 23. Is it right to say “Mary is elder than her sister Anne"? (NO) 24. Is the word "thinnest” spelled with two "N's"? (YES) 25. Is a king's wife called a king? (YES) 26. Can we say "there are no books on the table"? (YES)
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan PDF
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	at the last part of the book

Callan Stage 6 , pages 562-565

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Grammar: *The three additional meanings of the verb "tell", besides meaning the same as "say", are - to inform, to order, and to relate.  *Another difference between "say" and "tell" is that we generally use "tell" when we speak to somebody, whilst we use "say" when we are not speaking to anyone in particular.  *For Direct Speech, we use the verb "say"  *There's no real difference in meaning between the words "older" and "elder", except that generally, when speaking about people-in the same family, we prefer to use the word "elder"; and elder can only be used when speaking about people  *We double the final consonant of an adjective in forming its comparative and its superlative when it ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel. For example, - thin - thinner - thinnest  *When an adjective ends in a consonant plus y, the y is changed to i. For example, - happy - happier - happiest  ***LIST OF TENSES:***  PAST PROGRESSIVE: I was working  PAST PERFECT: I had worked.  FUTURE PROGRESSIVE: I shall be working  PAST SUBJUNCTIVE: If I had worked  FUTURE PERFECT: I shall have worked  PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE: I had been working  PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE: I have been working  FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE: I shall have been working
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan pdf
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 562-565

Callan Stage 6

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	GRAMMAR: The complete imperative of the verb "to take" is - let me take; take; let him take; let her take; let it take; let us take; take; let them take We form the negative of the imperative by using "do not". For example, "Don't let him open it before Christmas!" We form the Past, Present and Future Perfect Progressive Tenses by using the verb "to have" with the word "been" and the Present Participle of the main verb. For example, "I have been studying for two hours".Another name for these tenses is the Duration Form We use the ordinary Progressive Tense when we only wish to express a continuous action, whilst we use the Perfect Progressive Tense when we wish to add how long the action has been in progress. For example, "I was working when he came" becomes "I had been working for two hours when he came" We use the Perfect Progressive Tense for an action that began in the past and is still in progress, and when we wish to say how long the action has been in progress for. For example, "I have been working for two hours - and I am still working" A Tail Question is formed by repeating the auxiliary verb in the main part of the sentence. If the main part is positive, the Tail Question must be negative. For example, "He's a young man, isn't he ?" When a sentence contains no auxiliary verb, we use "do" in the Tail Question. For example, "They come here every Thursday, don't they?" When a Tail Question is in the negative, the kind of answer we expect is positive. For example, "He runs very fast, doesn't he?" - "Yes, he does" When a Tail Question is in the positive, the kind of answer we expect is negative. For example, "He doesn't run very fast, does he?" - "No, he doesn't"
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan stage 6 pdf
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	Pages 558--559

Callan Stage 6 page 558 -560 Grammar Questions

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	SENTENCE STRUCTURE: -I thought I should go to London tomorrow.  -No, the word whoever is not used correctly in that sentence. GRAMMAR: -When we change direct speech into indirect speech we put the tenses into the past.  -Verbs that are already in the past remain unchanged, or are put further into the past. -The Past of shall is should, whilst the Past of will is would.  -The Future in the Past is the use of should and would for shall and will, and we use it for something said in the past which refers to a future action. -The difference between the words what and whatever is that the word what we use in a limited sense, whilst the word whatever we use in an unlimited sense.  -Because it is the object of the sentence, and should therefore be whomever. -The complete imperative of the verb to take is - let me take; take; let him take; let her take; let it take; let us take; take; let them take.  -We form the negative of the imperative by using do not. -We form the Past, Present and Future Perfect Progressive Tenses by using the verb to have with the word been and the Present Participle of the main verb.  -Another name for these tenses is the Duration Form. -The difference between the ordinary progressive and the perfect progressive is that we use the ordinary Progressive Tense when we only wish to express a continuous action, whilst we use the Perfect Progressive Tense when we wish to add how long the action has been in progress.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 6 book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	558-560

Callan Stage 6 , page 557-558

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Grammar questions:  1. Q-WHAT'S A GERUND?  A-A gerund is a verbal noun: that is, half a verb and half a noun, and ends in -ing 2.Q-GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE OF A GERUND AFTER A PREPOSITION  A-I will eat my breakfast before going to work. 3.Q-WHEN DO WE USE THE AUXILIARY VERB "DO" IN A POSITIVE SENTENCE WITH THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE ?  A-We use the the auxiliary verb do in a positive sentence with the present simple tense when we wish to be emphatic. 4.Q-WHEN DO WE USUALLY USE THE EMPHATIC "DO" ? - AND GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE.  A-We usually use the emphatic do when somebody denies something we know to be true. For example, we might say "Mr. Smith eats a lot" and someone might deny it, and say "No, he doesn't eat a lot", and then we say "Yes, he does eat a lot" 5.Q-WHAT IS ANOTHER USE OF THE EMPHATIC "DO" ? - AND GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE.  A-Another use of the emphatic do is in an exclamation. For example "I do hate noisy children!" 6.Q-HOW DO WE FORM THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE?  A-We form the Future Perfect Tense with the verb "to have" and a past participle 7.Q-WHEN DO WE USE THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE ? - AND GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE  A-We use the Future Perfect Tense for an action that will be finished before a certain time in the future. For example, "Before two o'clock tomorrow, I shall have finished my lunch" 8.Q-WITH WHAT AUXILIARY VERBS, BESIDES "DO", CAN WE USE SHORT ANSWERS ? - AND GIVE ME SOME EXAMPLES.  A-Besides "do", we can use short answers with the auxiliary verbs - be, can, do, have, may, must, need, ought, shall and will. For example, "Are you Mr.Brown ? Yes I am". "Have you got a pen ? Yes, I have" 9.Q-WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ?  A-The difference between direct and indirect speech is that Direct Speech gives the exact words of the speaker, whilst Indirect Speech reports what the speaker said
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 6
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	, page 557-558

Callan Stage 6, pages 555-557

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Grammar: *We generally use the Past Simple for the Present Subjunctive, and the Past Perfect for the Past Subjunctive. *No, we don't generally use a separate tense in English for the subjunctive. *An example of Adverb formed from an Adjective is "bad - badly". *The word "also" usually goes between the subject and the verb, whilst the words "as well", and "too" usually go at the end of the sentence. For example, "He also speaks French"; "He speaks French *The word "who" is the subject of a verb, whilst "whom" is the object. *A gerund is a verbal noun: that is, half a verb and half a noun, and ends in -ing
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan book
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	pages 555-557

Callan Stage 6, page 553-555

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Grammar questions:  1. Q-WHAT DO THE WORDS "MAY" AND "MIGHT" EXPRESS?  A-The words may and might express a possibility 2.Q-WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN "MAY" AND "MIGHT" ?  A-The difference between may and might is that we generally use "may" for the Present and "might" for the Past and the Conditional  3.Q-WHEN DO WE USE THE PAST PERFECT TENSE?- AND GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE.  A-We use the Past Perfect tense when there are two actions in the past, but one action is before the other. For example, "I had studied English before I went to England  4.Q-WHEN DO WE USE THE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE? - AND GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE !  A-We use the Future progressive tense for a continuous action in the future. For example, "I shall be working all day tomorrow"  5.Q-WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN "TRAVEL" AND "JOURNEY" ?  A-The difference between travel and journey is that we generally use "travel" as a verb and "journey" as a noun  6.Q-WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN "REMEMBER" AND "REMIND" ?  A-The difference between remember and remind is that I remember something myself without help, whereas, if I forget something, somebody reminds me of it  7.Q-WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN "TO" AND "AT" ? - AND GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE OF EACH, PLEASE !  A-The difference between to and at is that we generally use "to" when we are moving in the direction of something, or somewhere, and "at" when we are there. For example, "I'm going to the table. Now, I'm at the table"  8.Q-WHAT'S ONE OF THE DIFFICULTIES WITH THE VERB "TO NEED" ?  A-One of the difficulties of the verb to need is that it is, in fact, two verbs. One is a normal verb, whilst the other is abnormal or defective  9.Q-WHAT IS A COMPOSITE WORD?-AND GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE !  A-A composite word is composed of two words connected with a hyphen. For example, "ash-tray"  10.Q-WHAT DOES A PAST SUBJUNCTIVE CONDITIONAL EXPRESS, AND WHAT IS ITS CONSTRUCTION ? - AND GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE.  A-A Past Subjunctive conditional expresses a supposition in the past: something that did not, in fact, happen. Its construction is "If + Past Perfect (Past Subjunctive) + Past Conditional. For example, "If I had seen Mr. Brown yesterday, I would have given him your letter"
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 6,
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	page 553-555

Callan Stage 6

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Grammar Questions  Sentence Structures:  -The two Subjunctives of "to be"are "If I was" and "If I were" What are the seven uses of future tense? -1) Pure Future, e.g. Tomorrow will be Tuesday 2) Promise, e.g. If you are a good boy, I will give you some money 3) Determination, e.g. My mother says I mustn't go to the cinema this evening, but I will go 4) Polite Request, e.g. Will you open the window, please? 5) Willingness, e.g. Will you open the window, please? - Yes, I will 6) Offer of Service, e.g. Shall I open the window for you? and 7) Suggestion, e.g. Shall we go for a walk this afternoon? -Were the cars being driven too fast by the two men? -"John" is the subject and the word "himself is the object, and the pronoun "himself is called a Reflexive Pronoun -We use "to point at" for the action of pointing the finger at an object, whilst "to point out" we use to show, or to indicate, one among many different objects
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 6
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	page :550 -553

Callan Stage 6 Lesson 92 on pages 549-550 we continue ''EXERCISE 39, item # 9-13'' and in ''GRAMMAR QUESTIONS, item # 1''

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	VOCABULARIES: -plum  SENTENCE STRUCTURE: -Today is my holiday. -I went shopping together with my wife. -We bought some foods and groceries. -It's sunny today and it's getting warm in Japan as well. -We saw a plum or ume tree in the park. -After the lesson, we will have an early dinner then we will go to the cinema to watch a movie. -We are going to watch the movie ''Argo''. -It's an action movie and the main character is Ben Affleck.  QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN EXERCISE 39: 9.) What is the difference between the words "travel" and "journey"? -The difference between the words "travel" and "journey" is that words "travel" and "journey" have more-or less the same meaning, but we generally use "travel" as a verb and "journey" as a noun. 10.) What is the difference between the words "remember" and "remind"? - and give an example of each. -The difference between the words "remember" and "remind" is that "I remember something without help", whereas "If I forget something, somebody reminds me of it." In other words, they remember for me. -I remember my breakfast that I ate today. -I remind you the day of the examination. 11.) What is the difference between the words " to" and "at"? - and give an example of each. -The difference between the words "to" and "at" is that we generally use "to" when we are moving in the direction of something, or somewhere, and "at" when we are there. -I go to the station. -I'm at the station. 12.) What is the difference between the words "soon" and "at once"? -The difference between the words "soon" and "at once" is that "soon" means "in a short time", whilst "at once" means immediately. -I'll be back soon. -I'll be back at once. 13.) What is the difference between these two sentences? - "I am going to London" and "I am going towards London"? -The difference between these two sentences: "I am going to London" and "I am going towards London" is that the first sentence means that I have the intention of arriving in London, whilst the second sentence means I have the intention of going somewhere between here and London, but not necessarily to London.  GRAMMAR QUESTIONS: Q: 1) WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN "STILL" AND "YET"? A: The difference between ''still'' and ''yet'' is that "still" we use for something that is in progress at the moment, whilst we use "yet" for something that has not begun. "Still" we generally use in positive sentences, whilst "yet" we generally use in interrogative and negative sentences. -It's still winter, but today is warm. -Spring doesn't come yet.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan Stage 6
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	549-550

Free talking, Review of previous lesson, Callan Stage 6,Lesson 92, page 548- 549

レッスンで出てきた文法・単語	Vocabulary:  1. ACROSS 2. COME ACROSS 3.FOREST 4.LION 5.BY 6.WORK 7.TELL 8.WORKS 9.DEFEND EXERCISE 39 1. What is the difference between "father" and "further"? 2. What is the paradigm of "wake up"? 3. When do we use the Past Perfect? - and give an example. 4. What is the paradigm of "to win"? 5. When do we use the Future Progressive Tense? - and give an example. 6. What do the words “hourly, daily, weekly" etc mean? 7. What two words do we use when we ask for permission to do something? - and give an example of each. 8. What are the three ways in which we can use the word "catch"? - and give an example of each. EXERCISE 39: ANSWER 1. "Further" means the same as "farther", but it also means "in addition" or "extra". 2. The paradigm of "wake up" is "wake up - woke up - woken up". 3. We use the Past Perfect when there are two actions that are both in the past, but one action is before the other. For example, "I had studied English before I went to England". 4. "Win - won - won". 5. We use the Future Progressive Tense for a continuous action in the future. For example, "I shall be working all day tomorrow". 6. The words "hourly, daily, weekly" etc mean "every hour, every day, every week" etc. 7. We use "may" and "can" when we ask permission to do something. For example, "May I leave the room, please?" or "Can I leave the room, please?" 8. We can use the word "catch" in expressions such as "to catch a ball, catch a train, catch a cold" etc.
レッスンで利用した教材	Callan stage: 6
レッスンで利用した教材のページ数	Pages: 548-549