Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 161 on pages 920-921

VOCABULARY:
neglect
decay 　腐敗する、虫歯になる
rate
patience
patient
impatient
refresh
refreshment
pause

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:
The weather is fine.
Somebody came to my house with a cat.
My wife didn't like the cat because she can't still not forget the previous cat.
We didn't accept the cat.
I'm planning to go to a trip next month.
I will go to my hometown tomorrow and stay there for 4 days.
I will go to shrines with my friends.

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. Would you be unhappy if you had a job that paid you tons of money?
No, I wouldn't be unhappy if I had a job that paid me tons of money.

2. What happens if you neglect to clean your teeth each day?
If I neglect to clean my teeth each day they will decay.

3. At what rate do you think the average person walks?
I think the average person walks at about 3 miles (about 5 kilometres) per hour.

4. Why are the pay rates in certain professions very high?
The pay rates in certain professions are very high because the professions involve high levels of skill, risk, responsibility etc.

5. Do you agree that patience is a virtue?
Yes, I agree that patience is a virtue.

6. Do you consider yourself a patient or impatient person?
I consider myself a patient person.

7. How do you refresh yourself after a long and tiring day?
I refresh myself after a long and tiring day by taking a massage.

8. Are there any refreshments available at this school?
Yes, there are some refreshments available at this school.

9. Do you like people who go on talking about themselves without a pause for hours and hours?
No, I don't like people who go on talking about themselves without a pause for hours and hours.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 160 on page 918 please continue ''REVISION EXERCISE 73'', item # 1 6 If a friend of yours had a fever what would you advise them to do?

VOCABULARY:

•in the meantime
•percentage
•per cent
•sweep - swept - swept
•broom 　ほうき
•swallow 　飲み込む
•choke 　窒息する
•ounce 　オンス oz
•pound = 16 oz
•stone  = 14 pounds
•ton  = 160 stones
•tons of

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Question:
What's the danger of letting babies suck small objects like coins and other bits of metal?
Answer:
---The danger of letting babies suck small objects like coins and other bits of metal is that they might swallow them or choke on them

Question:
How many ounces make a pound?
Answer:
---16 ounces make a pound

Question:
How many pounds make a stone?
Answer:
---14 pounds make a stone

Question:
How many pounds are there ¡n a kilo?
Answer:
---There are 2.2 pounds in a kilo

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 160 on page 918 please continue ''REVISION EXERCISE 73'', item # 6. What do we mean by processed food?.

Revision Exercise 73 (Lessons 150 - 151) QUESTIONS

6 What do we mean by processed food?

7 What's an undergraduate?

8 What does the expression "in vain" mean?

9 In what order do traffic lights turn from stop to go; that is, in what order do the colours change?

10 What would you do if you were queuing ¡n a shop and you noticed someone jump the queue in front of you?

11 If a small spot of coffee fell on your clothes at work, how could you clean it off?

12 If you faced south and could look at the horizon from where you're sitting now, which village, town, city or country would be just beyond the horizon?

13 What do we mean by coarse cloth?

14 Can the quality of a person's sleep be affected by how firm the mattress on their bed is?

15 At what time of day are the rays of the sun at their hottest at this time of year?

16 If a friend of yours had a fever what would you advise them to do?

17 How far does the road outside this building stretch?

18 What do we mean by an earnest person?

19 What do you do when you run short of money?

20. How would you feel if you spoke to somebody in confidence about something but they then told other people what you had discussed?

ANSWERS:

6 By processed food, we mean food that has been changed from its raw or natural state in order to preserve it or make it safer to eat.

7 An undergraduate is a university student who has not finished their degree yet.

8 The expression "in vain" means "failing to produce a good result".

9 Traffic lights turn from stop to go by changing from red to blue (green).

10. If was queuing in a shop and I noticed someone jump the queue in front of me, I'd tell them to fall in line.

11. If a small spot of coffee fell on my clothes at work, I could clean it off by washing with soap.

12 If I faced south and could look at the horizon from where I'm sitting now, would be just beyond the horizon.

13 By coarse cloth, we mean cloth that feels rough.

14 Yes, the quality of a person's sleep can be affected by how firm the mattress on their bed is.

15 The rays of the sun are at their hottest at this time of year at 12:00 noon

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 160 on page 918 we continue ''DICTATION 111'' and ''REVISION EXERCISE 73'', item # 1-5

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:
It was raining a little today.
I went to work and today is the last day of my working day for this year.
We will to Kobe City to check new cats.
It's far from here and it takes 1 hour and a half by train.
On Sunday, my wife wants to Kyoto to check some cats too.

DICTATION 111:
No mice had been attracted by the food in the trap.
Remember not to load the gun until you need to use it.
Her failure n the exam was simply due to lack of effort.
Some horror films are designed to make people scream as often as possible.
The officer with the highest rank gave the command to attack.

MISSPELLED WORDS:
attracted [atracted]
due [du]

REVISION EXERCISE 73:
1. What do you think's the best treatment for a common cold?
I think the best treatment for a common cold is to take medicine and have a good sleep.

2. When we decide how much time we need to travel from one place to another should we always make allowances for the possibility of traffic jams or public transport problems?
Yes, when we decide how much time we need to travel from one place to another, we should always make allowances for the possibility of traffic jams or public transport problems.

3. On what kind of occasions do people beg for forgiveness?
The kind of occasions when people beg for forgiveness are when they have done something seriously wrong.

4. Name someone who you reckon probably owns a private jet.
I reckon Bill Gates probably owns a private jet.

5. What do we mean by a sharp pain?
By a sharp pain, we mean a severe pain that starts suddenly.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 160 on pages 917-918

VOCABULARY:
fate　運命
jury 　陪審員

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:
I arrived home three hours ago.
I'm searching for a tour going to Hawaii.
I found one and now I'm making a reservation.
I will go to Hawaii with my family on March.
We will stay there for 4 days.
I will have my winter vacation next week for 9 days.

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. Do you believe in fate?
No, I don't believe in fate.

2. Who is responsible for deciding the fate of a criminal in a law court?
The judge and jury are responsible for deciding the fate of a criminal in a law court.

DICTATION 111:
We sat on our caps on the slightly damp grass, in the shade of a tree, protected from the wind by a thick hedge.

Try to cheer up if you can, because nothing is ever as bad as it first seems.
When humans used to use bows and arrows for hunting, their aim needed to be excellent.

Sometimes I laugh so much that my jaw begins to ache.

MISSPELLED WORDS:
slightly [thrightly]
damp [dumped]
jaw [joe]

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 160 on pages 916-917

VOCABULARY:
crown
fur　毛皮
strap
wristwatch
cushion
suck　吸う
extraordinary

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:
I went to check some cats with my wife.
We're searching to have a good and healthy cat.
Our white cat was already passed away two weeks ago.
My wife cried a lot because it's her cat.
I will eat dinner after the lesson.

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. What does a king or queen wear on their head for ceremonial occasions?
A king or queen wears a crown on their head for ceremonial occasions.

2. What is fur?
Fur is the thick, soft hair that covers animals like cats and dogs.

3. Do you prefer wristwatches with leather straps or metal straps?
I prefer wristwatches with metal straps.

4. Why do people strap themselves into a car?
People strap themselves into a car so that if there is an accident, they will not be thrown about.

5. Would you be more comfortable at the moment if your seat had a cushion on it?
Yes, I'd be more comfortable at the moment if my seat had a cushion on it.

6. Is it possible to whistle by sucking instead of blowing?
Yes, it's possible to whistle by sucking instead of blowing.

7. At about what age do children usually stop sucking their thumbs?
Children usually stop sucking their thumbs at about 1 year old.

8. Are the clothes that models wear at fashion shows often quite extraordinary?
Yes, the clothes that models wear at fashion shows are often quite extraordinary.

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 160 page 914 start with "What do we mean when we say that somebody does something in a mechanical manner?"

VOCABULARY:

•shelter
•avenue
•breadth
•bundle
•anyhow
•saw 　のこぎり
•honesty
•cottage
•flavour
•ice cream

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Question:
What's a bus shelter?
Answer:
---bus shelter is a small construction which shelters us from the wind and rain while we are waiting for a bus

Question:
What's an avenue?
Answer:
---An avenue is a road with trees on either side. or it can be a wide street (with or without trees) with buildings on either side.

Question:
What's a bundle?
Answer:
---A bundle is a number of articles or objects fastened together. For example, a bundle of sticks, or a bundle of clothes.

Question:
When you pack a suitcase, do you put everything in just anyhow?
Answer:
---The word "anyhow" means the same as "anyway", but it can also mean "carelessly" or "without thinking much". For example, "lt doesn't matter how you do it; just do it anyhow

Question:
What's a saw?
Answer:
---A saw is a tool used for cutting (or sawing) wood, metal etc.

Question:
What is a cottage?
Answer:
---A cottage is generally thought of as a small house in the country

Question:
What's your favourite flavour of ice cream?
Answer:
---My favourite flavour is Vanila.

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 160 page 912 - 914

VOCABULARY:

-copper
-spade
-resort
-examine
-bucket
-mechanic
-mechanical

SENTENCE STRUCTURE:

-I went to laundry and bring some clothes.

-Q:What's the stock cure for a headache?
-A:The stock cure for a headache is to take a painkiller and try to relax.

-Q:Which metals are most commonly used to make electrical wires?
-A:Copper and aluminium are most commonly used to make electrical wires.

-Q:What colour is copper?
-A:Copper is a reddish-brown colour.

-Q:What do we use a spade for?
-A:We use a spade for digging holes ¡n the earth.

-Q:Do you enjoy staying in big resorts when you go on holiday?
-A:Yes, I enjoy staying in big resorts when I go on holiday.

-Q:What kinds ofthings are often made of brass?
-A:Door handles, locks, keys, and musical instruments are often made of brass.

-Q:If you went to the doctor complaining of a cough, which part of your body would the doctor examine?
-A:If I went to the doctor complaining of a cough, the doctor would examine my throat and chest.

-Q:If you saw a child walking towards a beach with a bucket and spade in their hand, what would you think they were going to do?
-A:If I saw a child walking towards a beach with a bucket and spade in their hand, I'd think they were going to build a sandcastle.

-Q:What kind of work does a mechanic do?
-A:A mechanic repairs cars and other machines.

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 160 page:911 start with "Communicating general beliefs and opinions"

GRAMMAR:

•Communicating general beliefs and opinions
---It ¡s known that dogs are clever
---Dogs are known to be clever

VOCABULARY:

•chest
•drawer
•chest of drawers
•wardrobe
•stock 　在庫
•in stock
•out of stock
•exceptionally 　大幅に

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Question:
What can we say instead of the sentence "People in general know that dogs are clever"?
Answer:
---Instead of saying People in general know that dogs are clever", we can say lt is known that dogs are clever or "Dogs are known to be clever".

Question:
What can we say instead of "People say that the President speaks seven languages"?
Answer:
---Instead of "People say that the President speaks seven languages" we can say "lt is said that the President speaks seven languages" or "The President is said to speak seven languages"

Question:
What's another meaning of the word "chest?
Answer:
---A chest is also a large, strong box, usually made of wood, which we use for storing things in, such as clothes, tools, medicine, money etc.

Question:
What do we call a large shop that stocks a wide variety of different types of products?
Answer:
---We call a large shop that stocks a wide variety of different types of products a department store.

Question:
What's the opposite of "in stock"?
Answer:
---The opposite of in stock "out of stock".

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 159 Dictation 770 page 909 - 910

VOCABULARY:

-bribe 　賄賂
-department
-threaten 　怖がらせる
-threat　脅し

SENTENCE STRUCTURE:

-I made some greetings cards today and I will sent to my friends, relatives, family etc.
-
-
-Q:Should we wrap up well when we go out in cold weather?
-A:Yes, we should wrap up well when we go out in cold weather.

-Q:If you were in an important position in the government, would you accept bribes?
-A:No, if I were in an important position in the government, I wouldn't accept bribes.

-Q:If you were a sales assistant in a large department store, which department would you most enjoy working in?
-A:If I were a sales assistant in a large department store, I'd most enjoy working in the Daimaru department.

-Q:Is a threat to commit murder considered a serious crime in many countries even if the murder never actually takes place?
-A:Yes, a threat to commit murder is considered a serious crime in many countries even if the murder never actually takes place.

Dictaton 710

-The queue was so long that it disappeared around the curve in the road.

It's rare for a film to be enjoyed by all types of people.

This knife is sharp enough to cut the raw meat.

We were relieved to find our baggage.

George touched the light switch and got a shock from the electric current.

The racecourse was closed for a whole season.

When this ladder is fully extended, we'll be able to lean against that wooden beam running across the ceiling.

A piece of straw is actually the stem of a wheat plant.

If you give me a needle and thread, I will sew up the hole in your shirt.

lt took several weeks for the wound to heal.

As the sun began to set, the shadows grew longer.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 159 on page 907 -908

Callan (Questions&Answers):
QUESTION:What do we call the main part of the body, not including the head, arms or legs?
Answer:
We call the main part of the body, not including the head, arms or legs;the trunk.

QUESTION:Consequently, what is a tree trunk?
Answer:
A tree trunk is the main part or body of a tree.

QUESTION:What do we mean by a trunk used for travelling?
Answer:
By a trunk used for travelling,we mean a large strong box, bigger than a suitcase, that we use for transporting our belongings from one place to another.

QUESTION:What do we call an elephant's nose?
Answer:
We call an elephant's nose a trunk.

QUESTION:What do we call the outer covering of an egg or a nut?
Answer:
We call the outer covering of an egg or a nut;the shell.

QUESTION:Were you shy with adults as a child?
Answer:
No, I wasn't shy with adults as a child.

QUESTION:Would you agree that, in general, a person's shyness diminishes as they become more mature?
Answer:
Yes, I'd agree that, in general, a person's shyness diminishes as they become more mature.

QUESTION:Do most modern farms use machines to sow seeds in the land?
Answer:
Yes, most modern farms use machines to sow seeds in the land.

QUESTION:What are the three forms of "sow"?
Answer:
The three forms of "sow" are "sow, sowed, sowed" (or "sow, sowed, sown")

QUESTION:What do we use to wrap up a parcel?
Answer:
We use cardboard, paper, sticky tape, string etc. to wrap up a parcel.


VOCABULARY WORDS:
trunk　幹、胴、トランク
shell
outer
shy
mature　成熟する
diminish　減る
sow - sowed - sowed　種をまく
sow - sowed - sown
wrap
wrap up　まとめる
sticky tape　粘着テープ
string

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 159 on pages 906-907

VOCABULARY:
ribbon
tie up
stuff = thing
hob　コンロ
grill
oven
manifacture 　製造する

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:
It's cloudy now, but in the morning it was raining.
It's very cold today.
I didn't bring my umbrella when I went to the office because it isn't a heavy rain.
I surfed the internet.
I will take a bath after the lesson.
I don't have work on Monday because it's a national holiday.
It's the emperor's birthday,
He's very old and he will turn 80 years old on Monday.

GRAMMAR AND EXPLANATION:
The word "stuff" is similar in meaning to the word "thing". The difference is that "thing" is a countable noun, whereas "stuff" is an uncountable noun.
For example, instead of saying "What are all these things on the table?'. we could say "What is all this stuff on the table?".

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. What can we use a ribbon for?
We can use a ribbon for tying up presents, and a small girl might wear a ribbon in her hair.

2. What's the difference between the word "thing" and the word "stuff''?
The difference between the word "thing" and the word "stuff" is that "thing" is a countable noun, whereas "stuff" is an uncountable noun.

3. Give me an example of the word "stuff", please.
I have to buy a lot of stuff for my business trip.
There are much stuff in the shelf.

4. Have you got lots of stuff to do tomorrow?
Yes, I've got lots of stuff to do tomorrow.

5. What kind of stuff does your country manufacture?
My country manufactures TV monitors, cars, etc.

6. When you go to a restaurant, what type of stuff do you like to eat?
When I go to a restaurant, I like to eat curry rice.

7. What kind of stuff do you enjoy doing at the weekends?
At the weekends, I enjoy going to spa, reading books, shopping and playing with cats.

8. What do we call the three main parts of a cooker?
We call the three main parts of a cooker the hob, the grill and the oven.

9. And which part would you use to roast a chicken?
I'd use the oven to roast a chicken.

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 159 page 904 start with "It's two weeks since"

GRAMMAR::

•It's two weeks since
----"It's" + time period + "since" + past tense.
----"lt's two weeks since I watched TV.　最後にテレビを見たのは2週間前です。

VOCABULARY:

•roar 　吠える
•slope 　坂
•steep 　急勾配な
•brake 　ブレーキ
•shield 　盾
•bleed - bled - bled 　血を流す
•plaster 　膏薬
•spit - spat - spat 　つばを吐く
•comb 　髪をとかす
•rubber
•tyre 　タイヤ

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Question:
What kind of noise does a lion make?
Answer:
---A lion makes a roaring noise

Question:
Would a car stand still on a slight slope without its brakes on?
Answer:
---No, a car wouldn't stand still on a slight slope without its brakes on.

Question:
What would happen to it?
Answer:
---lt would begin to roll slowly down the slope

Question:
And if the slope was very steep, what would happen?
Answer:
---If the slope was very steep, the car would gather speed and eventually crash into something

Question:
Is the soil deep on the side of a mountain?
Answer:
---No, the soil isn't deep on the side of a mountain ;it's shallow.

Question:
In the past, what did a soldier carry to protect himself against enemy swords
Answer:
---In the past, a soldier carried a shield to protect himself against enemy swords.

Question:
What are the three forms of "bleed"?
Answer:
---The three forms of "bleed" are "bleed, bled, bled

Question:
No, it isn't forbidden to spit in the streets in our country
Answer:
---The three forms of "spit" are "spit, spat, spat"

Question:
How often do you comb your hair?
Answer:
---I rarely comb my hair.

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 158 page 890 start with Revision Exercise 71 no. 1

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Question:
Here is a sentence, and you give a sentence with the same meaning, but with a modal: She runs every day so I'm sure she's fit.
Answer:
---She runs every day so she must be fit.

Question:
Here is another sentence, and you give a sentence with the same meaning, but with a modal: I don't believe she's gone home yet because her car's still here.
Answer:
---She can't have gone home yet because her car's still here.

Question:
Which country do you think has the best climate in the world?
Answer:
---I think Hawaii has the best climate in the world.

Question:
At the cinema, when someone passes in front of the projector and cuts the beam of light, what do we see appear on the screen?
Answer:
---At the cinema, when someone passes in front of the projector and cuts the beam of light, we see the shadow of the person's head appear on the screen.

Question:
What do people do at a concert when the performance has been very good?
Answer:
---People cheer at a concert when the performance has been very good.

Question:
When swimmers swim across the English Channel, do they swim in a direct line?
Answer:
---No, when swimmers swim across the English Channel, they don't swim in a direct line, but a curb line.

Question:
What do you do directly after the lesson is over?
Answer:
---I eat breakfast directly after the lesson is over

Question:
At what age does a child move from primary school to secondary school in this country?
Answer:
---A child moves from primary school to secondary school in this country at the age of 12

Question:
What kind of food do you think people associate with your country?
Answer:
---I think people associate Sushi with my country.

Question:
Do you ever talk to your fellow travelers when you're on a train?
Answer:
---No, I never talk to my fellow travelers when I'm on a train.

Question:
What's the advantage of having a wireless mouse, keyboard and printer for a PC?
Answer:
---The advantage of having a wireless mouse, keyboard and printer for a PC is that they can be moved around more easily, and everything on one's desk looks tidier.

Question:
At an athletics competition, what do the spectators do when the winner of an event receives a medal?
Answer:
---At an athletics competition, the spectators cheer when the winner of an event receives a medal.

Question:
When you stay at a hotel, do you usually take advantage of all the facilities?
Answer:
---No, when I stay at a hotel, I don't usually take advantage of all the facilities.

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 159 page 890

SENTENCE STRUCTURE:

-Yes, I already ate my dinner.
-I ate vegetable with vinegar sauce and Chinese food for my dinner.
-No, I didn't cook it but my wife cooked it.
-My wife was absent today.
-She works in the public hospital.

Dictation 108

-The doctor gave Edward some liquid to bathe his eyelids with.
The river descended slowly through the chalk valley and only began to speed up when joined by a second river.
The boy had cut a branch off the young tree with his knife, which had an edge on it like a razor, and was using it as a fishing rod .
I was urged to try to get on the town council by my friends, but it would have been too much of a nuisance for me to attend the meetings.
He cheated and deceived almost everyone he met, but no official complaints were ever made against him.
A warning of danger is of no value at all if ¡t arrives too late.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 159 page 888-890

QUESTION:What do we call a piece of hair that forms the shape of a ring?
Answer:
We call a piece of hair that forms the shape of a ring;a curl.

QUESTION:Does smoke curl upwards when there's a strong wind?
Answer:
No, smoke doesn't curl upwards when there's a strong wind ;it gets blown away.

QUESTION:Why do cats and dogs often curl up when they sleep?
Answer:
Cats and dogs often curl up when they sleep because it prevents the heat from their bodies from escaping.

QUESTION:What's a paste?
Answer:
A paste is a mixture made from a powder and a liquid.

QUESTION:When you go to stay at someone else's house, do you take your own toothpaste with you, or do you ask to use their toothpaste?
Answer:
When I go to stay at someone else's house,I take my own toothpaste with me.

QUESTION:Does one have to have a creative imagination to write a novel?
Answer:
Yes, one has to have a creative imagination to write a novel.

QUESTION:What's a store?
Answer:
A store is a shop which sells a variety of different goods.
QUESTION:Should wine be stored in a warm or cool environment?
Answer:
Wine should be stored in a cool environment.

QUESTION:Do you keep a store of tinned food at home?
Answer:
Yes, I keep a a store of tinned food at home.


VOCABULARY WORDS:
curl
paste
toothpaste
creative
novel
store
variety
tinned food

GRAMMAR:
*The verb "to store' means to collect and keep for future use, and the noun "store" means a collection of something for future use.
*A store is a shop which sells a variety of different goods. It can either be a very large shop in the city, which sells food, clothes, furniture and almost anything you can think of, or it can be a shop ¡n a village that sells many different products that the people in the village might need.
*A paste ¡s a mixture made from a powder and a liquid. We use toothpaste to brush our teeth.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 159 on pages 888

VOCABULARY:
bee
wasp　スズメバチ
sting - stung - stung　刺す
sensation　感覚
slap ひっぱたく

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:
It was sunny, but it's very cold.
I cooked the tempura of potatoes and mushrooms.
I ate tempura, fish boiled soup, miso soup and baked fish during my dinner.
I will read a book after the lesson.
I went to the hair salon yesterday to cut my hair.
I went shopping last Saturday and I bought groceries.

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. How does one generally mark the boundary of one's property?
One generally marks the boundary of one's property with a wall, fence, hedge etc.

2. What's a wasp likely to do if it lands on you while you're sunbathing and you disturb it?
If a wasp lands on me while I'm sunbathing and I disturb it, it's likely to sting me.

3. Which do you think it's more painful to be stung by: a bee or a wasp?
I think it's more painful to be stung by a wasp.

4. From what else do we get a stinging sensation?
We get a stinging sensation when we are slapped by someone, when we clean a wound etc.

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 156 page 886 - 887

VOCABULARY:

-whisper
-lamp
-garage
-stiff　固い
-muscle
-cardboard　段ボール
-astonish　驚く
-refusal
-bound
-out of bounds
-boundary

SENTENCE STRUCTURE:

-I'm very sorry I forgot to cancel your lesson.
-I bought some groceries yesterday.

-Q:Why do people whisper?
-A:People whisper because they don't want others to hear what they're saying.

-Q:How do you prefer to see a living room lit: with overhead lights or with lamps?
-A:I prefer to see a living room lit with overhead lights.

-Q:Do most people in this area keep their cars in garages or leave them in the street?
-A:Most people in this area keep their cars in garages.

-Q:If you suddenly do a lot of physical exercise after a long period of not having done any exercise at all, do your muscles feel stiff the next day?
-A:Yes, if I suddenly do a lot of physical exercise after a long period of not having done any exercise at all, my muscles feel stiff the next day.

-Q:What is a cereal box usually made of?
-A:A cereal box is usually made of cardboard.

-Q:Would you be astonished if one of your family members walked into the room right now?
-A:Yes, I'd be astonished if one of my family members walked into the room right now.

-Q:What's the noun of the verb "to refuse"?
-A:The noun of the verb "to refuse" is "refusal".

-Q:Is England bounded on all sides by the sea?
-A:No, England isn't bounded on all sides by the sea; it shares borders with Scotland and Wales.

-Q:What does a sign on a door saying "Out of bounds" mean?
-A:A sign on a door saying "Out of bounds" means that nobody is allowed to enter the area beyond the door.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 156 page 885 continue with "What do we generally find along the borders of a field?"

VOCABULARY:

•pattern
•financial
•weave - wove - woven　織る
•ruin
•tourism

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Question:
Do you prefer plain clothes or clothes with a pattern on them?
Answer:
---I prefer plain clothes.

Question:
Who do you think should be more responsible for setting the correct pattern of behaviour for children: parents or teachers?
Answer:
---I think parents should be more responsible for setting the correct pattern of behaviour for children:

Question:
Do some people get into financial difficulties through spending too much on their credit cards?
Answer:
---Yes, some people get into financial difficulties through spending too much on their credit cards

Question:
What are the three forms of "weave"?
Answer:
---The three forms of "weave" are "weave, wove, woven"

Question:
What kind of things can we make by weaving?
Answer:
---We can make cloth, baskets etc. by weaving

Question:
Are there any parts of your country that have been ruined by tourism?
Answer:
---Yes, there are some parts of my country that have been ruined by tourism.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 155 on page 883 please continue ''DICTATION 107'' and start with the sentence ''On receipt of the information given to us by an eyewitness, we immediately contacted the police.''

Dictation 107

---On receipt of the information/ given to us by an eyewitness,/ we immediately contacted the police./
Having scraped away all the dirt/ that had collected on the bicycle,/ you can clearly see/ that it is still in excellent condition./
When I scratched the back of my head,/ and realized that some kind of trick/ must have been employed/ in order to obtain the license.

VOCABULARY:

•obey
•disobey
•stick - stuck - stuck
•pin
•drawing pin 　画鋲
•opposition 　反対
•border

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Question:
Do naughty children at primary school always obey instructions that their teachers give them?
Answer:
---No, naughty children at primary school don't always obey instructions that their teachers give them;they sometimes disobey them.

Question:
What do we have to stick on an envelope before we can post ¡t ?
Answer:
---We have to stick a stamp on an envelope before we can post it.

Question:
What are the three forms of "stick"?
Answer:
---The three forms of "stick" are "stick, stuck, stuck.

Question:
Are the police allowed to follow a criminal across the borders of their own country into another country?
Answer:
---Yes the police are allowed to follow a criminal across the borders of their own country into another country

Question:
Which countries does your country share a border with?
Answer:
---My country shares a border with Russia ,China and Korea.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 155 on page 882-883

VOCABULARY:
steer
steering wheel
aside

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:
It was raining in the afternoon, it stopped now.
I was absent, I didn't go to work because I want to rest.
I read and surfed the internet.
I will read a book again after the lesson.
We have a year end party bonenkai in the company next week.
It will be for 3 hours.
I'm not excited for the bonenkai because some of my co-workers are smoking while drinking alcohol and I don't like the smell of the smoke.

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. What am I pretending to do?
You're pretending to steer a car.

2. And what do we call the thing I'm pretending to hold?
We call the thing I'm pretending to hold a steering wheel.

3. What does the word "aside" mean?
The word "aside" means "on one side" or "to one side".

4. Do you put money aside each month to save for any special purpose?
Yes, I put money aside each month to save for some special purpose.

5. During an evening out with friends, would you have to take somebody aside from the rest of the group if you wanted to speak to them in private?
Yes, during an evening out with friends, I'd have to take somebody aside from the rest of the group if I wanted to speak to them in private.

DICTATION 107:
If you begin to make too many enquiries, it could be rather risky and lead to trouble.
We managed to unscrew the lid of the box with the point of a knife, and, instead of the money we had expected to find inside, found only a heap of old documents.

MISSPELLED WORDS:
lid [lead]
box [backs]
expected [excped]

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 155 page 881 - 882

VOCABULARY:

-shoplift　万引きする
-imprison
-remedy
-cure
-helicopter
-aircraft
-stain
-woodwork
-ink
-creep - crept - crept　ゆっくり進む、しのび歩く
-extract
-passage　通路

SENTENCE STRUCTURE:

-Yes, we celebrate New Years.
-I'm not Christian so that I don't celebrate Christmas party.

-Q:Do you think that people who shoplift should be imprisoned?
-A:Yes, I think that people who shoplift should be imprisoned.

-Q:Is there a cure for the common cold?
-A:No, there isn't a cure for the common cold.

-Q:Do you usually take a cold remedy to make you feel better when you have a cold?
-A:Yes, I usually take a cold remedy to make me feel better when I have a cold.

-Q:What types of aircraft take off vertically?
-A:Helicopters and certain special aeroplanes take off vertically.

-Q:Why do some people prefer to stain woodwork rather than paint it?
-A:Some people prefer to stain woodwork rather than paint it because the woodwork looks more natural if it is stained.

GRAMMAR:

-Q:What does the word creep mean?
-A:The word "creep" means either to move forwards very slowly, or to move slowly and quietly so that nobody hears you.

-Q:What does the word "passage" mean?
-A:The word "passage" can mean a long. narrow space, generally between two buildings, or inside a building. like a corridor. lt can also mean a short extract from a speech or a piece of writing.

A remedy is a medical treatment that is designed to make you feel better when you're ill, whereas a cure is a treatment that makes the illness itself disappear.

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 155 page 880 -881

Callan (Questions&Answers):
QUESTION:If you worked as a journalist, what kind of articles would you like to write?
Answer:
If I worked as a journalist;I'd like to write about politics.

QUESTION:What do we mean when we say that someone behaves boldly?
Answer:
When we say that someone behaves boldly;we mean that they behave courageously, or confidently and without fear.

QUESTION:Do you think clothes in bold colours suit you?
Answer:
No, I don't think clothes in bold colours suit me.

QUESTION:Why do we sometimes type a word in a document in bold?
Answer:
We sometimes type a word in a document in bold so that the word is more noticeable on the page.

QUESTION:What am I doing?
Answer:
You're striking your pen on the table.

QUESTION:if you were struck by lightning and survived, would the experience change the way you felt about your life?
Answer:
Yes, if I were struck by lightning and survived,the experience would change the way I felt about my life.

QUESTION:If you were on your way to a friend's birthday party and it suddenly struck you that you'd forgotten their present, would you go back and get it or would you just go without it?
Answer:
If I were on my way to a friend's birthday party and it suddenly struck I that I'd forgotten their present;I'd go back and get it.

QUESTION:If we describe a building as striking, what do we mean?
Answer:
If we describe a building as striking,we mean that it is interesting and attracts our attention because it locks different from other buildings.


VOCABULARY WORDS:
courageous　勇敢な
bold　勇敢な
strike - struck - struck
striking
survive

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 155 page 878-879

VOCABULARY:
•cream
•fatty
•spring - sprang - sprung
•spring
•curious
•investigate
•keen 　熱心な
•article
•journalist

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
Question:
What is cream and where does it come from?
Answer:
---Cream is the fatty part of milk, or anything which looks or feel similar to it

Question:
Do you believe it's worth spending money on expensive face creams?
Answer:
---No, I don't believe it's worth spending money on expensive face creams.

Question:
Do you spring out of bed in the morning?
Answer:
---No, I don't spring out of bed in the morning.

Question:
What are the three forms of spring"?
Answer:
---The three forms of "spring" are "spring, sprang, sprung"

Question:
Can you feel the springs inside the mattress on your bed?
Answer:
---Yes, I can feel the springs inside the mattress on my bed.

Question:
Are cats well known for having a curious nature?
Answer:
---Yes, cats are well known for having a curious nature.

Question:
If you heard a curious noise outside your room in the middle of the night, would you stay in bed or go and investigate?
Answer:
---If I heard curious noise outside my room in the middle of the night,I would go and investigate.

Question:
What do we call a police officer who investigates crimes?
Answer:
---We call l a police officer who investigates crimes a detective.

Question:
Are young children nearly always keen to learn new things?
Answer:
---Yes, young children are nearly always keen to learn new things.

Question:
About how many extra articles of clothing would you say the average person wore on a cold winter's day?
Answer:
---I'd say the average person wore three articles of clothing on a col winter's day.

Callan Stage 10 New Edition Lesson 154 Revision Exercise 70 page 877 - 878

VOCABULARY:
-peck　ついばむ
-beak　くちばし
-block
-clay　粘土

SENTENCE STRUCTURE:
-Q:Would ¡t create big problems for you if you lost your mobile phone?
-A:Yes, it'd create big problems for me if I lost my mobile phone.

-Q:When a man commits murder and the law cannot prove he did ¡t, even though everyone ¡s convinced he did, what happens?
-A:When a man commits murder and the law cannot prove he did it, even though everyone is convinced he did, the man is set free.

-Q:During a war, what do we mean by Red Cross relief?
-A:During a war, by Red Cross relief, we mean the food, medicine and protection that the Red Cross provide to people whose lives are being affected by the war.

-Q:What do we mean by self-control?
-A:By self-control, we mean control over our own feelings, desires and emotions without discipline coming from others.

-Q:What are the threeforms ofthe irregular verb "to lie" and what does it mean?
-A:The three forms of the irregular verb "to lie" are "lie, lay, lain", and it means "to be in a horizontal position".
-Q:What do we call the pills that we take to relieve a headache?
-A:We call the pills that we take to relieve a headache painkillers.

-Q:What do we mean when we say a container is airtight and watertight?
-A:When we say a container is airtight and watertight, we mean that no air or water can pass into it from outside, or vice versa.

-Q:What must you buy in order to be admitted to the cinema?
-A:You must buy a ticket in order to be admitted to the cinema.

-Q:If a criminal admits their guilt before any trial takes place, is their punishment often reduced by the judge.
-A:Yes, if a criminal admits their guilt before any trial takes place, their punishment is often reduced by the judge.

-Q:What do we mean when we say that a chicken pecks the ground?
-A:When we say that a chicken pecks the ground we mean that t picks up food from the ground with its beak.

-Q:What do we call the blocks of hard clay that are commonly used to make buildings?
-A:We call the blocks of hard clay that are commonly used to make buildings bricks .

-Q:What else can we make from clay?
-A:We can make plates, cups etc. from clay.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 154 page 877 start with "MUDDY"

VOCABULARY: 
•muddy 　泥まみれ
•meanwhile 　少しの間

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS Revision Exercise 70 (Lessons 144 - 145) 

1 Is it correct to say "The man lived in a near town"? 
Answer: 
---No, it isn't correct to say "The man lived in a near town"; we must say "The man lived in a nearby town". 

2 Are apples in season or out of season at the moment? 
Answer: 
---Apples are in season at the moment. 

3 When you go on holiday, do you prefer to let a travel agency deal with everything for you, or do you prefer to make all your arrangements yourself? 
Answer: 
---When I go on holiday, I prefer to let a travel agency deal with everything for me 

4 What was the title of the last book you read? 
Answer: 
--- The title of the last book I read was Roman History 

5 Would it cause enormous problems if all the traffic lights in this town suddenly stopped working? 
Answer: 
---

6 Do you make an effort to stay in touch with any of the people you used to go to school with? 
Answer: 
---Yes, I make an effort to stay in touch with some of the people I used to go to school with. 

7 When you were a child and your parents forbade you to do something, did you use to go ahead and do it just the same? 
Answer: 
---Yes, when I was a child and my parents forbade me to do something, I used to go ahead and do it just the same 

8 What do you think ought to happen when a student is caught cheating in an exam? 
Answer: 
---When a student is caught cheating in an exam, I think they should be sent out of the room etc. 

9 Does the sun rise over the horizon in the east or the west? 
Answer: 
---The sun rises over the horizon in the west 

10 When do we use the apostrophe "s" to communicate possession? 
Answer: 
---We generally use the apostrophe "s" to communicate possession for people or animals. 

11 Do you have a strong preference for any particular national cuisine? 
Answer: 
---Yes, I have a strong preference for a particular national cuisine. 

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 154 on page 875 please start with the word ''ROLE''.

VOCABULARY: 

•role 
•replace 
•book 
•venue 
•anyway 
•warmth 

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS 

Question: 
Do you think computers will ever replace school teachers in the classroom? 
Answer: 
---Yes, I think computers will ever replace school teachers in the classroom. 


Question: 
Is it always necessary to book a table before going to a restaurant? 
Answer: 
---No, it isn't always necessary to book a table before going to a restaurant. 


Question: 
Do famous actors, singers or entertainers normally make their own arrangements with the venues where they're booked to perform? 
Answer: 
---No, famous actors, singers or entertainers don't normally make their own arrangements with the venues where they're booked to perform ,they've nearly always got managers who make their arrangements for them 


Question: 
What's the noun of the adjective "warm"? 
Answer: 
---The noun of the adjective "warm" is "warmth" 


CALLAN EXPLANATION: 
---The word 'anyway can be used ¡n three common ways 
1) With the meaning of "despite that"; for example, "I couldn't stand her but I had to invite her to the party anyway'. 
2) In order to give another reason for something; for example, "That phone is slightly too big for me, and anyway, it's much too expensive". 
3) In order to change the subject of a conversation, or return to a subject that we were talking about previously; for example, "So anyway, as I was saying, we need to start planning our holiday.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 154 on page 875

VOCABULARY:

spin - spun - spun

spin drier

slim 

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:

It was sunny and a bit cold today.

I will surf the internet after the lesson.

I will watch a concert tomorrow.

It's a female group and it will start at 5:00 pm.

The name of the female group is ''Perfume''.

Yes, they are popular and famous in Japan.

I've been to their concert for 3 times and I'm a fan of them.

I know most of their songs.

I will watch it with my wife. 

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. What can cause cracks in walls and ceilings?

Age, dampness, dryness or bad workmanship can cause cracks in walls and ceilings.

2. What does the verb "to spin" mean?

The verb "to spin" means to turn round and round very quickly, or make something turn round and round very quickly.

3. What are the three forms of "spin"?

The three forms of "spin" are "spin, spun, spun''.

4. What's a spin drier?

A spin drier is a machine that dries clothes by spinning them round very quickly.

5. Do you think most people join gyms mainly because they want to become slimmer rather than because they want to get fit?

Yes. I think most people join gyms mainly because they want to become slimmer rather than because they want to get fit.

Today's Lesson: Callan Stage 10 New Ediiton Lesson 154 page 873 - 874

VOCABULARY:
-former-latter-the former ... the latter-arise-back out　引きずる-back up
-movement
-sneeze
-bless
-bless you
-depart
-departure
-crack
-workmanship

SENTENCE STRUCTURE:
-Q:What happens when we pour too much water into a glass?
-A:When we pour too much water into a glass, some of the water spills over the edge of the glass.
-
Q:What does it mean: "There's no use crying over spilt milk"?
-A:"There's no use crying over spilt milk" means that there's no point getting upset when something goes wrong if we cannot do anything to change what has happened.


-Q:When a person leaves a job, is it quite common for them to stay in contact with their former colleagues?
-A:Yes, when a person leaves a job, it's quite common for them to stay in contact with their former colleagues.


-Q:What do we mean when we say "Beethoven and Tolstoy were both great men; the former was German, whereas the latter was Russian"?
-A:When we say "Beethoven and Tolstoy were both great men; the former was German, whereas the latter was Russian", we mean the first mentioned was German, whereas the second mentioned was Russian


-Q:When an argument arises, do you agree it's sometimes better to back out of it before it gets too heated?
-A:Yes, when an argument arises, I agree it's sometimes better to back out of it before it gets too heated.
-Q:Why is it important to back up files on a computer?
-A:It's important to back up files on a computer so that the files are not lost ¡f the computer stops working.


-Q:Does an artist's model have to stay in one position for a long period without making any movements?
-A:Yes, an artist's model has to stay in one position for a long period without making any movements.


-Q:What do we say when someone sneezes?
-A:We say 'Bless you!" when someone sneezes.


-Q:Which would you rather be blessed with: health or wealth?
-A:I'd rather be blessed with health.


-Q:At a train station, how can we check what time a train is due to depart, and which platform it will depart from?
-A:At a train station, we can check what time a train is due to depart, and which platform it will depart from by looking at the departure board.