(New Edition) Callan Stage 10, Lesson 152, page 864, start with: "ENVIRONMENT"

Vocabulary: 

• environment
• 
  

Sentence Structures: 

• Q. What kind of things can we do in our everyday lives to care for the environment?
• A. To care for the environment we can recycle, use less energy in the home, avoid using cars too often etc.
• 
  
• Q. Are you able to concentrate in noisy environments?
• A. No, I'm not able to concentrate in noisy environments.
• 
  

Dictation 105: 

• The moment the prisoner/ had climbed the high fence/ and escaped,/ he went to the place where he had been told/ a weapon of some kind/ had been buried for him.
• The child got down on his knees/ to look at the poor dog's paw,/ which had a small nail caught n it.
• It is a mystery/ why some people live a life of virtue/ whilst others live/ in exactly the opposite way./
• From the carriage window,/ we had a clear view of the ancient town/ through the gap in the mountains./
• Wandering around the village,/ we came across a funeral/ at the entrance of a small church./
• He was completely out of breath and had to sit down.
• 
  

Incorrect Words: 

• buried
• paw
• mystery
• church
• 
  

Revision Exercise 69: 

• The difference between "Excuse me" and "I'm sorry" is that we generally use "Excuse me" for something that is not very important, and "I'm sorry" for a more important apology.
• A long period of heavy rain can result in a disaster because it can lead to floods that cause death, terrible damage to farms and buildings etc.
• The best way to urge someone to do something he doesn't want to do ¡s to tell him how much better everything will be after he has done it.
• No, it isn't wise to speak about one's private affairs in public; it's unwise.

Callan Stage 10 New Ediiton Lesson 152 page 863 start with "fade"

VOCABULARY: 
•fade 
•sunlight 
•do up 
•undo 
•undone 
•zip 
•knot 
•regain 
•consciousness 
•consume 
•applaud 　喝采を送る
•applause 　喝采
•clap 
•blade 
•shoulder blade 　肩甲骨
•cork 
•corkscrew 
•remove 

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS 

Question: 
What makes the colour ¡n cloth fade? 
Answer: 
---Sunlight and washing can make the colour in cloth fade 

Question: 
Which are quicker to do up and undo: zips or buttons? 
Answer: 
---Zips are quicker to do up and undo. 

Question: 
What happens to a knot if we don't tie it tightly enough? 
Answer: 
---If we don't tie a knot tightly enough,it will eventually come undone 

Question: 
Which verb do we use to describe the feeling that somebody wishes they could undo an action that they've done? 
Answer: 
---We use the verb "regret" to describe the feeling that somebody wishes they could undo an action that they've done 

Question: 
What's a cork made of, and what do we use it for? 
Answer: 
---A cork is made of cork, and we use it to put into the neck of a bottle in order to stop the liquid in the bottle escaping 

Question: 
What do we use to remove a cork from a bottle? 
Answer: 
---We use a corkscrew to remove the cover of the bottle 

Question: 
Are most trains in this country driven by electricity? 
Answer: 
---Yes, most trains in my country are driven by electricity.

Callan Stage 10 New Ediiton Lesson 152 page 861 - 862

VOCABULARY:
-slide
-slip
-onomatopoeia
-crash
-crush
-splash
-saucer
-tablecloth
-file
-known
SENTENCE STRUCTURE:
-The weather today is not so cold.


-Q:Is it easier to slide a heavy object across a floor if we first put a blanket or sheet under it?
-A:Yes, it's easier to slide a heavy object across a floor if we first put a blanket or sheet under it.
-Q:Have you ever actually seen anyone slip on a banana skin?
-A:No, l've never actually seen anyone slip on a banana skin.
-Q:What do we mean by onomatopoeia?
-A:By onomatopoeia, we mean the connection between the sound and the meanng of a word.
-Q:If you heard a crashing sound outside your house in the middle of the night, would you get up and go out to see what had happened?
-A:Yes, if I heard a crashing sound outside your house in the middle of the night, I'd get up and go out to see what had happened.
-Q:Do young children enjoy splashing each other in swimming pools?
-A:Yes, young children enjoy splashing each other in swimming pools.
-Q:What do we use a saucer for?
-A:We use a saucer to stand file a cup on in order to prevent any of the iquid that might collect round the bottom of the cup getting onto the table or tablecloth and leaving a mark.
-Q:Do the police store files on known criminals to help them fight crime?
-A:Yes, the police store files on known criminals to help them fight crime.
-Q:Do you manage to keep all the files on your computer carefully organized?
-A:Yes, I manage to keep all the files on your computer carefully organized.

We use a saucer to stand file a cup on in order to prevent any of the liquid that might collect round the bottom of the cup getting onto the table or tablecloth and leaving a mark.

There are many words in English that give us an idea of their meaning by their sound. This connection between sound and meaning is known as onomatopoeia. Three examples of this are the verbs crash, "crush" and "splash.

The verb "slide" means "to move smoothly across a surface", in the way that skis move over snow or ice. The verb "slip" usually means "to slide by accident". For example, "He slipped on the banana skin and fell".

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 152 on pages 860-861

VOCABULARY:

whichever

idiot

flash

thunderstorm

image

signal 

GRAMMAR AND EXPLANATION:
"Any" and "some" with singular countable nouns

When we use the word "any" in front of a singular countable noun. it means its not important which. For example. the sentence "Take any biscuit you like'' means that it isn't important which biscuit you take; you can choose whichever one you like.

When we use "some" in front of a singular countable noun, we are referring to a particular person or thing, but we don't know (or we don't want to say) who it is or which it is. For example, in the sentence "Some man came to see you this morning while you were out". we are referring to a particular man. but we can't remember or don't know who it was. 

When there's a thunderstorm, we first see the flash of lightning. Then, after a few seconds, we hear the thunder, even though the thunder and lightning actually happen at the same time. The reason for the delay in hearing the thunder is that sound travels more slowly than light. 

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:

It's cloudy and not so cold,

I ate yakisoba during my dinner.

I will read a book after the lesson.

The white cat is still not fine.

I'm done making designs for my New Year's greeting cards.

I will print 100 copies of the same design on weekends. 

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. Give me an example of the word ''any" used with the meaning of "it's not important which", please.

Any people have right to live.

2. Give me an example of the word "some" used when we're referring to a particular person, please.

Some woman called you when you were absent.

3. Why is it that, in a thunderstorm, we first see the flash of lightning, and then, after a delay of a few seconds, hear the thunder?

In a thunderstorm, we first see the flash of lightning, and then, after a delay of a few seconds, hear the thunder because sound travels more slowly than light.

4. When does a camera need a flash to be able to produce a clear image?

A camera need a flash to be able to produce a clear image when there isn't enough natural light, or when the lights inside a building aren't bright enough.

5. What am I doing?

You're making a signal for someone to stop.

6. Do you always get a good signal on your phone?

Yes, I always get a good signal on your phone.

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 151 on page 859

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:

Today it was raining.

It already stopped.

I made New Year's greetings cards.

I just made some designs about our travel in Italy.

I will print it and make 100 copies.

I will read a book after the lesson.

My wife is cooking now in the kitchen.

My cat isn't fine, he's still not active and he eats a little. 

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. What does the word "drag" mean?

The word "drag" means to pull something heavy along the ground, often with some difficulty.
2. Give me an example of the word "drag" used figuratively, please.

Don't drag me in such a problem.
3. What would I mean if I said "The film was quite good, but it dragged a bit in the middle"?

If you said "The film was quite good, but it dragged a bit in the middle" you'd mean that it was a bit slow and boring in the middle. 

DICTATION 104:

While the patient was unconscious, a special powder was applied to his wound.

We cannot call him a liar, as we have no means of checking the truth of his statement.

The actual salary for the job is based on a fixed scale which gives the employee an increase each year, with the exact amount being determined by the government.

I'm anxious about how idle that boy is becoming as he grows up.

When she woke up, she was forbidden to eat for twelve hours after leaving hospital, and was advised to remain at home for several days.

Poison is still often used to get rid of rats in buildings.

Pass me that pad of cotton wool, please. 

MISSPELLED WORDS:

unconscious [unconcious]

truth [true]

with [we]

leaving [living]

(Callan New) Edition Stage 10, Lesson 151, on page 857, start with: "Do top fashion models earn a lot of money?"

Vocabularies: 

• in time　間に合って
• on time　時間通りに
• show
• confidence
• secret
• keep a secret
• self-confidence
• in confidence　機密
• in secret　秘密
• drag
• figurative　比喩的に
• mean to say
• 
  

Sentence Structures: 

• Q. Do top fashion models earn a lot of money?
• A. Yes, top fashion models earn a lot of money.
• 
  
• Q. How often do car companies change their models?
• A. Car companies change their models about once every years.
• 
  
• Q. Were you a model student when you were at school?
• A. Yes, I was a model student when I were at school.
• 
  
• Q. What's the difference between " in time" and "on time"?
• A. The difference " in time" and "on time" is that "in time" means "before it's too late", whereas "on time" means "at the correct, or arranged, time".
• 
  
• Q. Give me an example of the difference, please.
• A. Unfortunately, I didn't arrive on time for the start of the concert, but I did get there in time to hear my favorite song.
• 
  
• Q. Is there anyone you can think of in whom you have such confidence that you could trust them to keep your greatest secrets?
• A. Yes, there's someone I can think of in whom I have such confidence that I could trust them to keep my greatest secrets.
• 
  
• Q. What do we mean when we say that someone is full of self-confidence?
• A. When we say that someone is full of self-confidence, we mean that they are sure of themselves and their abilities.
• 
  
• Q. How would you feel if you spoke to somebody in confidence about something but they then told other people what you had discussed?
• A. If I spoke to somebody in confidence about something, but they then told other people what you had discussed,I'd feel uncomfortable.
• 
  
• Q. Would you be happy ¡f your friends organized a birthday party for you in secret?
• A. Yes, I'd be happy ¡f your friends organized a birthday party for you in secret.
• 
  
• Q. What does the word "drag" mean?
• A. The word "drag" means to pull something heavy along the ground, often with some difficulty.
• 
  
• Q. Give me an example of the word "drag" used figuratively, please.
• A. You mean to say you dragged me all this way just to show me that!
• 
  

Grammar: 

• The phrase "in time" means "before it's too late". For example, "We got to the theatre ¡n time to have a quick drink before the show". 
• The phrase "on time" means at the correct. or arranged, time". For example, "My flight from London to Paris left on time".
• We can also use the word "drag" in a figurative sense; for example, "Whatever you do, don't drag me into the argument".

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 151 on page 855 please start with the word ''SKI''.

VOCABULARY: 
•ski 
•sauce 
•veil 　ベール
•give in 　負ける
•mug 　殴る
•stretch 
•earnest 　まじめな
•run short of 
•altogether 　まったく、完全に
•model 　模型
•representation 

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS 
Q.Is it possible to go skiing ¡n your country? 
•Yes, it's possible to go skiing ¡n your country. 

Q.What's your favourite sauce? 
•My favourite sauce is soy sauce. 

Q.Do women wear veils when they get married in your country? 
•Yes, women wear veils when they get married in your country 

Q.Would you give in without a fi9ht if a thief tried to mug you on the street? 
•No, I wouldn't give in without a fight if a thief tried to mug me on the street. 

Q.What's the basic meaning of the word "stretch"? 
•The basic meaning of the word "stretch" is "extend'. 

Q.Do you stretch when you get out of bed in the morning? 
•Yes, I stretch when I get out of bed in the morning. 

Q.What do we mean by an earnest person? 
•By an earnest person, we mean someone who's serious and sincere 

Q.What do you do when you run short of money? 
•When I run short of money I withdraw from my ATM. 

Q.Taking things altogether, do you think your town is a good place to live? 
•Taking things altogether, I think my town is a good place to live. 

Q.Can you think of a film that you've seen that was altogether terrible? 
•No, I can't think of of a film that I've seen that was altogether terrible. 

Q.What do we mean by a model aeroplane? 
•By a model aeroplane, we mean a small representation of a real aeroplane 

Callan New Edition Stage 10 Lesson 151 on pages 854-855

VOCABULARY:

smart

rot　腐る

rotten

sheet

blanket

duvet　羽毛布団

ray

fever 

SENTENCE STRUCTURED:

Today is very good weather and not so cold.

I went to the pet clinic to know the result of my cat's examination.

He's so pity.

The vet said that he has a cat virus and impossible for him to live long.

I will eat dinner after the lesson.

After dinner, I will make New Year's greeting cards.

Me and my wife will make 100 New Year's greeting cards.

We will send it to our families and friends.

I have here a textbook guide how to make New Year's greeting cards. 

CALLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
1. Do you think you need to be smart to run a successful business?

Yes, I think I need to be smart to run a successful business.

2. Do some restaurants only allow people to enter if they're wearing smart clothes?

Yes, some restaurants only allow people to enter if they're wearing smart clothes.

3. Where does meat rot more quickly: in the heat or in the cold?

Meat rots more quickly in the heat.

4. Do rotten vegetables smell horrible?

Yes, rotten vegetables smell horrible.

5. Do you prefer to sleep under a sheet and blanket, or do you prefer to use a duvet?

I prefer to use a duvet.

6. Which is normally thinner: a sheet of paper or a sheet of steel?

A sheet of paper is normally thinner than a sheet steel.

7. At what time of day are the rays of the sun at their hottest at this time of year?

The rays of the sun are at their hottest at this time of year at 12:00 noon.

8. If a friend of yours had a fever, what would you advise them to do?

If a friend of mine had a fever, I'd advise them to sleep well, drink plenty of water, eat something good like fruits.

Callan stage 10 (new edition) lesson 151 page 853 start with--->Has anything ever happened to you which has been beyond your wildest dreams; that is, beyond your most fantastic expectations?

VOCABULARY: 
•coarse   下品な、粗い
•approach 
•firm 
•mattress 

QUESTIONS and ANSWERS 
Q.Has anything ever happened to you which has been beyond your wildest dreams; that is, beyond your most fantastic expectations? 
•Yes, something has happened to me which has been beyond my wildest dreams; that is, beyond my most fantastic expectations 

Q.What do we mean by coarse cloth? 
•By coarse cloth, we mean doth that feels rough 

Q.What do we mean by a coarse person? 
•By a coarse person,we mean somebody who has poor manners and behaves in a way that might offend some people
 
Q.When you're on a train, how can you tell when it's approaching a station? 
•When you're on a train,you can tell when it's approaching a station because the train begins to slow down. 

Q.Can the quality of a person's sleep be affected by how firm the mattress on their bed is? 
•Yes, the quality of of a person's sleep be affected by how firm the mattress on their bed. 

Q.Do you have a firm idea of what you want to do in life? 
•No, don't have a firm idea of what I want to do in life 

Q.Which ¡s the biggest firm in your home town? 
•The biggest firm in my hometown is Sharp Corporation.

Callan stage 10 (new edition) lesson 151 page 852- 853

VOCABULARY WORDS 

1. beyond
2. wild
3. fantastic
4. expectation 
   
   
   SENTENCE STRUCTURE 
   1. QUESTION:When you were naughty as a child, how did your parents use to punish you?
      ANSWER:When I was naughty as a child, my parents used to punish me by not allowing me to enter the house.
   2. 
      
   3. QUESTION: What problem might you have if you took a faulty product back to a shop but didn't still have the receipt to prove where you bought it?
      ANSWER:If I took a faulty product back to a shop but didn't still have the receipt to prove where I bought it, the shop might not agree to change the product or give me a refund.
   4. 
      
   5. QUESTION: What does the idiom "to put one's foot down" mean?
      ANSWER:The idiom "to put one's foot down" means "to be determined and insist on something".
   6. 
      
   7. QUESTION: If you faced south and could look at the horizon from where you're sitting now, whi
      ANSWER:l faced south and could look at the horizon from where I am sitting now,I would see thailand beyond the horizon.ch village, town, city or country would be just beyond the horizon?
5.